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</div><div><span>Narcissistic personality disorder</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Narcissistic personality disorder</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Narcissistic personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has: </p><ul><li>An excessive sense of self-importance</li><li>An extreme preoccupation with themselves</li><li>A lack of empathy for others</li></ul></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The cause of this disorder is unknown. Early life experiences, such as insensitive parenting, are thought to play a role in developing this disorder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>A person with this disorder may:</p><ul><li>React to criticism with rage, shame, or humiliation</li><li>Take advantage of other people to achieve his or her own goals</li><li>Have excessive feelings of self-importance</li><li>Exaggerate achievements and talents</li><li>Be preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love</li><li>Have unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment</li><li>Need constant attention and admiration</li><li>Disregard the feelings of others, and have little ability to feel empathy</li><li>Have obsessive self-interest</li><li>Pursue mainly selfish goals</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Narcissistic personality disorder is diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation. The health care provider will consider how long and how severe the person's symptoms are.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Talk therapy may help the person relate to other people in a more positive and compassionate way.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Outcome of treatment depends on the severity of the disorder and how willing the person is to change.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000944.htm">Alcohol</a> overuse or illegal <a test="test" href="./001945.htm">drug use</a></li><li>Mood and anxiety disorders</li><li>Relationship, work, and family problems </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Personality disorder - borderline; Narcissism</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Psychiatric Association. Narcissistic personality disorder. <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision</em> (DSM-5-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.</p><p>Blais MA, Rivas-Vazquez R, Ruchensky JR, Stein MB. Personality and personality disorders. In: Stern TA, Wilens TE, Fava M, eds. <em>Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. </em>3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 37.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/17/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Fred K. Berger, MD, addiction and forensic psychiatrist, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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