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</div><div><span>Becker muscular dystrophy</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Becker muscular dystrophy</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Becker muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that involves slowly worsening <a test="test" href="./003174.htm">muscle weakness</a> of the legs and pelvis.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Becker muscular dystrophy is very similar to <a test="test" href="./000705.htm">Duchenne muscular dystrophy</a>. The main difference is that it gets worse at a much slower rate and it is less common. This disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes a protein called dystrophin.</p><p>The disorder is passed down through families (inherited). Having a family history of the condition raises your risk.</p><p>Becker muscular dystrophy occurs in about 3 to 6 out of every 100,000 births. The disease is found mostly in boys.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Females rarely develop symptoms. Males will develop symptoms if they inherit the defective gene. Symptoms most often appear in boys between ages 5 and 15, but may begin later.</p><p>Muscle weakness of the lower body, including the legs and pelvis area, slowly gets worse, causing:</p><ul><li>Difficulty walking that gets worse over time; by age 25 to 30, the person is usually unable to walk</li><li>Frequent falls</li><li>Difficulty getting up from the floor and climbing stairs</li><li>Difficulty with running, hopping, and jumping</li><li>Loss of muscle mass</li><li>Toe walking</li><li>Muscle weakness in the arms, neck, and other areas is not as severe as in the lower body</li></ul><p>Other symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Breathing problems</li><li>Cognitive problems (these do not get worse over time)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li>Loss of balance and coordination</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will do a nervous system (neurological) and muscle exam. A careful medical history is also important, because symptoms are similar to those of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, Becker muscular dystrophy gets worse much more slowly.</p><p>An exam may find:</p><ul><li>Abnormally developed bones, leading to deformities of the chest and back (<a test="test" href="./001241.htm">scoliosis</a>)</li><li>Abnormal heart muscle function (<a test="test" href="./001105.htm">cardiomyopathy</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000158.htm">Congestive heart failure</a> or irregular heartbeat (<a test="test" href="./001101.htm">arrhythmia</a>) - rare</li><li>Muscle deformities, including <a test="test" href="./003185.htm">contractures</a> of heels and legs, abnormal fat and connective tissue in calf muscles</li><li>Muscle loss that begins in the legs and pelvis, then moves to the muscles of the shoulders, neck, arms, and respiratory system</li></ul><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003503.htm">Creatine phosphokinase</a> (CPK) and other blood tests</li><li><a test="test" href="./003929.htm">Electromyography</a> (EMG) nerve testing</li><li><a test="test" href="./003924.htm">Muscle biopsy</a></li><li>Genetic test</li><li>Echocardiogram and electrocardiogram (ECG)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There is no known cure for Becker muscular dystrophy. However there are many new medicines currently undergoing clinical testing that show significant promise in treating the disease. The current goal of treatment is to control symptoms to maximize the person's quality of life. Some providers prescribe steroids to help keep a patient walking for as long as possible.</p><p>Activity is encouraged. Inactivity (such as bed rest) can make the muscle disease worse. Physical therapy may be helpful to maintain muscle strength. Orthopedic appliances such as braces and wheelchairs may improve movement and self-care.</p><p>Abnormal heart function may require the use of a pacemaker or defibrillator.</p><p>Genetic counseling may be recommended. Daughters of a man with Becker muscular dystrophy will very likely carry the defective gene and could pass it on to their sons.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Support Groups</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>You can ease the <a test="test" href="./003211.htm">stress</a> of the illness by joining a <a test="test" href="./002154.htm">muscular dystrophy support group</a> where members share common experiences and problems.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Becker muscular dystrophy leads to slowly worsening disability. However, the amount of disability varies. Some people may need a wheelchair. Others may only need to use walking aids such as canes or braces.</p><p>Lifespan is most often shortened if there are heart and breathing problems.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Heart-related problems such as cardiomyopathy</li><li>Lung failure</li><li><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Pneumonia</a> or other <a test="test" href="./002290.htm">respiratory</a> infections</li><li>Increasing and permanent disability that leads to decreased ability to care for self, decreased mobility</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>Symptoms of Becker muscular dystrophy appear</li><li>A person with Becker muscular dystrophy develops new symptoms (particularly <a test="test" href="./003090.htm">fever</a> with <a test="test" href="./003072.htm">cough</a> or <a test="test" href="./003075.htm">breathing difficulties</a>)</li><li>You are planning to start a family and you or other family members have been diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-9" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-9"><p>Genetic counseling may be advised if there is a family history of Becker muscular dystrophy.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy; Becker's dystrophy</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Doughty CT, Amato AA. Disorders of skeletal muscle. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. <em>Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice.</em> 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 109.</p><p>Gloss D, Moxley RT III, Ashwal S, Oskoui M. Practice guideline update summary: corticosteroid treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. <em>Neurology. </em>2016;86(5):465-472. PMID: 26833937 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26833937/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26833937/</a>.</p><p>Manzur AY. Muscular dystrophies In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 649.</p><p>Selcen D. Muscle diseases. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 389.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 3/31/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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