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</div><div><span>Lupus nephritis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Lupus nephritis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Lupus nephritis, which is a kidney disorder, is a complication of <a test="test" href="./000435.htm">systemic lupus erythematosus</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is an <a test="test" href="./000816.htm">autoimmune disease</a>. This means there is a problem with the body's immune system.</p><p>Normally, the immune system helps protect the body from infection or harmful substances. But in people with an autoimmune disease, the immune system cannot tell the difference between harmful substances and healthy ones. As a result, the immune system attacks otherwise healthy cells and tissues.</p><p>SLE may damage different parts of the kidney. This can lead to disorders such as:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000464.htm">Interstitial nephritis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000490.htm">Nephrotic syndrome</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000472.htm">Membranous glomerulonephritis</a></li><li>Kidney failure </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of lupus nephritis include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003138.htm">Blood in the urine</a></li><li>Foamy appearance to urine</li><li><a test="test" href="./003103.htm">Swelling</a> (edema) of any area of the body</li><li>High blood pressure </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Abnormal sounds may be heard when the provider listens to your heart and lungs.</p><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003535.htm">ANA</a> titer</li><li><a test="test" href="./003474.htm">BUN</a> and <a test="test" href="./003475.htm">creatinine</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003456.htm">Complement</a> levels</li><li><a test="test" href="./003579.htm">Urinalysis</a></li><li>Urine protein</li><li><a test="test" href="./003907.htm">Kidney biopsy</a>, to determine appropriate treatment</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to improve kidney function and to delay kidney failure.</p><p>Medicines may include drugs that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, or azathioprine.</p><p>You may need <a test="test" href="./000707.htm">dialysis</a> to control symptoms of kidney failure, sometimes for only a while. A kidney transplant may be recommended. People with active lupus should not have a transplant because the condition can occur in the transplanted kidney.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>How well you do depends on the specific form of lupus nephritis. You may have flare-ups, and then times when you do not have any symptoms. </p><p>Some people with this condition develop long-term (chronic) kidney failure.</p><p>Although lupus nephritis may return in a transplanted kidney, it rarely leads to end-stage kidney disease.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications that may result from lupus nephritis include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000501.htm">Acute renal failure</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000471.htm">Chronic renal failure</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have <a test="test" href="./003138.htm">blood in your urine</a> or <a test="test" href="./003103.htm">swelling</a> of your body.</p><p>If you have lupus nephritis, contact your provider if you notice <a test="test" href="./003147.htm">decreased urine output</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Treating lupus may help prevent or delay onset of lupus nephritis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Nephritis - lupus; Lupus glomerular disease </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1101t.jpg" alt="Kidney anatomy" title="Kidney anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1101.htm">Kidney anatomy</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Hahn BH, McMahon M, Wilkinson A, et al. American College of Rheumatology guidelines for screening, case definition, treatment and management of lupus nephritis. <em>Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)</em>. 2012;64(6):797-808. PMCID: 3437757 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437757/" target="_blank">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437757/</a>.</p><p>Malvar A, Alberton V, Rovin BH. Lupus nephritis. In: Johnson RJ, Floege J, Tonelli M, eds. <em>Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 27.</p><p>Radhakrishnan J, Stokes MB. Glomerular disorders and nephrotic syndromes. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 107.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/28/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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