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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Pericarditis - after heart attack</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Pericarditis is inflammation and swelling of the covering of the heart (pericardium). It can occur in the days or weeks following a <a test="test" href="./000195.htm">heart attack</a>.</p><img title="Pericardium" alt="Pericardium" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18081.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Two types of <a test="test" href="./000182.htm">pericarditis</a> can occur after a heart attack.</p><p><strong>Early pericarditis: </strong>This form most often occurs within 1 to 3 days after a heart attack. Inflammation and swelling develop as the body tries to clean up the damaged heart tissue.</p><img title="Post-MI pericarditis" alt="Post-MI pericarditis" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18080.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p><strong>Late pericarditis: </strong>This is also called Dressler syndrome. It is also called post-cardiac injury syndrome or postcardiotomy pericarditis. It most often develops several weeks or months after a heart attack, heart surgery, or other trauma to the heart. It can also happen about a week after a heart injury. Dressler syndrome is thought to occur when the immune system attacks healthy heart tissue by mistake.</p><p>Things that put you at higher risk for pericarditis include:</p><ul><li>A previous heart attack</li><li><a test="test" href="./002950.htm">Open heart surgery</a></li><li>Chest trauma</li><li>A heart attack that has affected the full thickness of your heart muscle </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003211.htm">Anxiety</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003079.htm">Chest pain</a> from the swollen pericardium rubbing on the heart. The pain may be sharp, tight or crushing and may move to the neck, shoulder, or abdomen. The pain may also be worse when you breathe and go away when you lean forward, stand, or sit up.</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Trouble breathing</a></li><li>Dry <a test="test" href="./003072.htm">cough</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003077.htm">Fast heart rate</a> (tachycardia)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a> (common with the second type of pericarditis)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003089.htm">Malaise</a> (general ill feeling)</li><li>Splinting of ribs (bending over or holding the chest) with deep breathing</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will listen to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope. There may be a rubbing sound (called a pericardial friction rub, not to be confused with a heart murmur). <a test="test" href="./003266.htm">Heart sounds</a> in general may be weak or sound far away.</p><p>A buildup of fluid in the covering of the heart or space around the lungs (pericardial effusion) is not common after a heart attack. But, it often does occur in some people with Dressler syndrome.</p><p>Tests may include:</p><ul><li>Cardiac injury markers (CK-MB and <a test="test" href="./007452.htm">troponin</a> may help tell <a test="test" href="./000182.htm">pericarditis</a> from a heart attack)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">Chest CT scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003794.htm">Chest MRI</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count</a> (CBC)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003868.htm">Electrocardiogram</a> (ECG)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003869.htm">Echocardiogram</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003638.htm">ESR</a> (sedimentation rate) or <a test="test" href="./003356.htm">C-reactive protein</a> (measures of inflammation)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to make the heart work better and reduce pain and other symptoms.</p><p>Aspirin may be used to treat inflammation of the pericardium. A drug called colchicine is often used as well.</p><p>In some cases, excess fluid surrounding the heart (pericardial effusion) may need to be removed. This is done with a procedure called <a test="test" href="./003872.htm">pericardiocentesis</a>. If complications develop, part of the pericardium may sometimes need to be removed with surgery (pericardiectomy).</p><img title="Pericardium" alt="Pericardium" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8895.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The condition may recur in some cases.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Possible complications of pericarditis are:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000194.htm">Cardiac tamponade</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000158.htm">Congestive heart failure</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001103.htm">Constrictive pericarditis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>You develop symptoms of pericarditis after a heart attack</li><li>You have been diagnosed with pericarditis and symptoms continue or come back despite treatment</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Dressler syndrome; Post-MI pericarditis; Post-cardiac injury syndrome; Postcardiotomy pericarditis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17004t.jpg" alt="Acute MI" title="Acute MI" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17004.htm">Acute MI</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Hoit BD, Oh JK. Pericardial diseases. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 62.</p><p>Jouriles NJ. Pericardial and myocardial disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli, GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. <em>Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. </em> 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 68.</p><p>Lewinter MM, Cremer PC, Klein AL. Pericardial diseases. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli, GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. <em>Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 86.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/14/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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