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</div><div><span>Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A collapsed lung occurs when air escapes from the lung. The air then fills the space outside of the lung between the lung and chest wall. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath.</p><p>The medical name of this condition is pneumothorax.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Collapsed lung can be caused by an injury to the lung. Injuries can include a gunshot or knife wound to the chest, rib fracture, or certain medical procedures.</p><p>In some cases, a collapsed lung is caused by air blisters of the lung (blebs) that break open, sending air into the space around the lung. This can result from air pressure changes such as when scuba diving or traveling to a high altitude.</p><p>Tall, thin people and smokers are more at risk for a collapsed lung.</p><p>Lung diseases can also increase the chance of getting a collapsed lung. These include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000141.htm">Asthma</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000091.htm">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000107.htm">Cystic fibrosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000077.htm">Tuberculosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001561.htm">Whooping cough</a></li></ul><p>In some cases, a collapsed lung occurs without any cause. This is called a spontaneous collapsed lung or spontaneous pneumothorax.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Common symptoms of a collapsed lung include:</p><ul><li>Sharp chest or shoulder pain, made worse by a deep breath or a cough</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Shortness of breath</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003055.htm">Nasal flaring</a> (from shortness of breath)</li></ul><p>A larger pneumothorax causes more severe symptoms, including:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003215.htm">Bluish color</a> of the skin due to lack of oxygen</li><li>Chest tightness</li><li>Lightheadedness and near fainting</li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Easy fatigue</a></li><li>Abnormal breathing patterns or increased effort of breathing</li><li><a test="test" href="./003077.htm">Rapid heart rate</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000039.htm">Shock</a> and collapse</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will listen to your breathing with a stethoscope. If you have a collapsed lung, there are decreased breath sounds or no breath sounds on the affected side. You may also have low blood pressure.</p><p>Tests that may be ordered include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003855.htm">Arterial blood gases</a> and other blood tests</li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">CT scan</a> if other injuries or conditions are suspected</li><li><a test="test" href="./003868.htm">Electrocardiogram</a> (ECG)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>A small pneumothorax may go away on its own over time. You may only need oxygen treatment and rest. </p><p>The provider may use a needle to allow the air to escape from around the lung so it can expand more fully. You may be allowed to go home if you live near the hospital.</p><p>If you have a large pneumothorax, a <a test="test" href="./002947.htm">chest tube</a> will be placed between the ribs into the space around the lungs to help drain the air and allow the lung to re-expand. The chest tube may be left in place for several days and you may need to stay in the hospital. If a small chest tube or flutter valve is used, you may be able to go home. You will need to return to the hospital to have the tube or valve removed.</p><p>Some people with a collapsed lung need extra oxygen.</p><p><a test="test" href="./002956.htm">Lung surgery</a> may be needed to treat collapsed lung or to prevent future episodes. The area where the leak occurred may be repaired. Sometimes, a special chemical is placed into the area of the collapsed lung. This chemical causes a scar to form. This procedure is called pleurodesis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>If you have a spontaneous collapsed lung, you are more likely to have another one in the future if you:</p><ul><li>
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Are tall and thin
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</li><li>
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Continue to smoke
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Have had two collapsed lung episodes in the past
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</li></ul><p>How well you do after having a collapsed lung depends on what caused it.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include any of the following:</p><ul><li>Another collapsed lung in the future</li><li><a test="test" href="./000039.htm">Shock</a>, if there are serious injuries or infection, severe inflammation, or fluid in the lung develops</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have had one before.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>There is no known way to prevent a collapsed lung. Following standard procedure can reduce the risk of a pneumothorax when scuba diving. You can decrease your risk by not smoking.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Air around the lung; Air outside the lung; Pneumothorax dropped lung; Spontaneous pneumothorax</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Hallifax R, Rahman NM. Pneumothorax. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 110.</p><p>Peak DA. Scuba diving and dysbarism. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 131.</p><p>Raja AS. Thoracic trauma. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 37.</p></div></div></section>
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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