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<div class="timeline-detail-header"><a href="index.html">Timeline</a> <span class="divider"> / </span> <a href="http://wsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?&amp;v%3Aproject=native-people&amp;sortby=DATE-asc&amp;query=&amp;binning-state=ERA%3D%3D1830+-+1920%3A+Defining+Rights+and+Responsibilities&amp;">Defining Rights and Responsibilities</a> <span class="divider"> / </span> 1918–19: ‘Spanish Influenza’ claims millions of lives
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<h1><span class="date">1918–19: </span> <span class="title">‘Spanish Influenza’ claims millions of lives</span></h1>
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<p>American Indians and Alaska Natives are among the tens of millions who die in the Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918. Those living in close quarters, including students in government-run boarding schools and hospitals, are especially hard hit. Native peoples in villages across the U.S., including the territories of Hawai‘i and Alaska, sustain staggering death rates. Some communities lose almost all of their residents.</p>
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<p>In November at the Iñupiat village of Brevig Mission, Alaska, 72 of the 80 Iñupiat residents die of Spanish Influenza in five days. The territorial government sends gold miners from Nome to dig a grave for the victims. The miners shoot steam into the permafrost on a hillside, melting an area 6 feet deep, 12 feet wide, and 25 feet long for the mass grave.</p> <!-- Theme -->
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Epidemics
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Region
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Arctic, California, Great Basin, Great Plains, Hawai‘i, Northeast, Northwest Coast, Plateau, Southeast, Southwest, Subarctic
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<a href="643.html"><span class="prefix">Prev:</span> 1917</a>
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<a href="422.html"><span class="prefix">Next:</span> 1919</a>
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<div class="image"><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/064/64_w_full.jpg"><img alt="Telegram to Superintendent of the Pima Agency regarding condition of a flu patient" title="Telegram to Superintendent of the Pima Agency regarding condition of a flu patient" src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/064/64_w_detail.jpg"></a> <a class="enlarge" style="right: 24px;" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/064/64_w_full.jpg">Enlarge</a>
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<p>In a telegram paid for by the Sherman Institute, an Indian boarding school located in Riverside, California, Superintendent F.W. Conser writes to the superintendent of the Pima Agency regarding the condition of student, asking that the young girl's mother be notified.</p>
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<p>Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration at Riverside, Perris, CA</p>
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<div class="image"><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/268/268_w_full.jpg"><img alt="Fern Rose and flu orphans." title="Fern Rose and flu orphans." src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/268/268_w_detail.jpg"></a> <a class="enlarge" style="right: 98px;" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/268/268_w_full.jpg">Enlarge</a>
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<p>Fern Rose and two children whose parents died during the influenza epidemic, ca. 1918. Rose was the schoolteacher at Saint Marks Mission in Nenana, Alaska at the time of the outbreak.</p>
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<p>Courtesy Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska Fairbanks</p>
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<div class="image"><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/466/466_w_full.jpg"><img alt="Chart of Cases of Influenza and Deaths among Indians in US from 1st October 1918 to 30th June 1919" title="Chart of Cases of Influenza and Deaths among Indians in US from 1st October 1918 to 30th June 1919" src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/466/466_w_detail.jpg"></a> <a class="enlarge" style="right: 88px;" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/466/466_w_full.jpg">Enlarge</a>
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<p>Cases of influenza and deaths among Indians in the U.S. from October 1, 1918 to June 30, 1919</p>
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<p>Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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<div class="image"><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/467/467_w_full.jpg"><img alt="Chart of Cases of Influenza and Deaths among Indians in US from 1st October 1918 to 30th June 1919" title="Chart of Cases of Influenza and Deaths among Indians in US from 1st October 1918 to 30th June 1919" src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/467/467_w_detail.jpg"></a> <a class="enlarge" style="right: 88px;" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/assets/timeline/000/000/467/467_w_full.jpg">Enlarge</a>
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<p>Cases of influenza and deaths among Indians in the U.S. from October 1, 1918 to June 30, 1919</p>
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<p>Courtesy National Library of Medicine</p>
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