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<span>Respiratory Pathogens Panel</span>
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<h1>Respiratory Pathogens Panel</h1>
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</div>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What is a respiratory pathogens (RP) panel?</h2>
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<p>A respiratory pathogens (RP) panel checks for pathogens in your respiratory tract. A pathogen is a <a data-tid="454" href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">virus</a>, <a data-tid="158" href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>, or other organism that causes an illness. Your respiratory tract, or respiratory system, includes the parts of your body that are involved in breathing. This includes your lungs, nose, and throat.</p>
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<p>Many types of viruses and bacteria can cause respiratory tract infections. The symptoms are often similar, but their treatments can be different. Many respiratory infections clear up on their own with no specific treatment other than resting and drinking fluids. But for other types of infections, you may need to take medicine.</p>
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<p>For most respiratory infections, your health care provider will make a diagnosis and determine treatment based on:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Your symptoms</li>
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<li>Your medical history</li>
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<li>The season of the year; some infections are more common during certain times of the year</li>
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<li>Your recent travel (if any)</li>
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<li>Which respiratory infections are most common at the time</li>
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</ul>
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<p>But if you have a serious illness, are hospitalized, or are at risk for complications, your provider may order a respiratory pathogens panel. Identifying what is causing your respiratory infection can help determine the best treatment. It can also help you avoid taking unnecessary <a data-tid="222" href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, which are not used to treat viral infections.</p>
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<p>An RP panel only needs a single sample to test for various viruses and bacteria. The results usually come in a few hours. This is faster than other respiratory tests, where the results can take a few days. Getting results earlier can allow you to start the right treatment more quickly.</p>
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<p>Other names: RP panel, respiratory virus profile, syndromic multiplex panel, multiplex respiratory panel, multi-pathogen molecular assay</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What is it used for?</h2>
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<p>Which pathogens an RP panel tests for can vary from one panel to another. But many of the panels often test for:</p>
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<p>Viral infections such as:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a data-tid="299" href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">Flu</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="196" href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">Common cold</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="3101" href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html">Respiratory syncytial virus</a> (RSV). This is a common and usually mild respiratory infection. But it can be dangerous to babies and the elderly.</li>
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<li>Adenovirus infection. Adenoviruses cause many different types of infections. These include <a data-tid="363" href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a> and <a data-tid="6292" href="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">croup</a>, an infection that causes hoarse, barking <a data-tid="1543" href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughs</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="3181" href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Bacterial infections such as:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a data-tid="461" href="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html">Whooping cough</a>.</li>
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<li>Bacterial pneumonia.</li>
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</ul></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Why do I need a respiratory pathogens panel?</h2>
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<p>You may need this test if you have symptoms of a respiratory infection and are seriously ill, hospitalized, or at risk for complications. Most respiratory infections cause mild to moderate symptoms. But they can be serious or even life-threatening to young children, the elderly, and people with <a data-tid="295" href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune systems</a>.</p>
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<p>Symptoms of a respiratory infection include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Coughing</li>
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<li><a data-tid="3077" href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li>
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<li><a data-tid="4748" href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li>
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<li>Stuffy or runny nose</li>
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<li><a data-tid="5324" href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li>
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<li>Loss of appetite</li>
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<li><a data-tid="511" href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li>
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</ul></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What happens during a respiratory pathogens panel?</h2>
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<p>There are two ways your provider may take a sample for testing:</p>
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<p><strong><a data-pid="24283" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">Nasopharyngeal swab</a>:</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>You will tip your head back.</li>
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<li>Your provider will gently insert a swab into your nostril, pushing it until you feel it stopping. This is about 1 to 2 inches into your nostril, until it reaches the top part of your throat.</li>
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<li>Your provider will rotate the swab and remove it.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Nasal aspirate:</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>Your provider will squirt a saline solution (salt water) into your nose and remove the sample with gentle suction.</li>
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</ul></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?</h2>
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<p>You don't need any special preparations for a respiratory pathogens panel.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Are there any risks to the test?</h2>
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<p>The swab test may tickle your throat or cause you to cough. The nasal aspirate may be uncomfortable or cause your eyes to tear. These effects are temporary.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What do the results mean?</h2>
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<p>A <strong>negative result</strong> may mean your symptoms were caused by a pathogen not included in the panel of tests. It could also mean that your sample was not collected correctly, the sample wasn't large enough, or you have a condition not caused by a virus or bacteria.</p>
|
||
<p>A <strong>positive result</strong> means a specific pathogen was found. It tells you which type of infection you have. If more than one part of the panel was positive, it means you may be infected with more than one pathogen. This is known as a co-infection.</p>
|
||
<p>Based on your results, your provider will recommend treatment and/or order more tests. These may include a <a data-pid="762" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">bacteria culture</a>, viral blood tests, and a <a data-pid="14141" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gram-stain/">Gram stain</a>. The tests may help confirm your diagnosis and guide treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>If you have questions about your results, talk to your provider. To understand the results of a respiratory pathogens panel, your provider may consider your symptoms, medical history, and the results of other blood tests.</p>
|
||
<p>Learn more about <a data-pid="806" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results</a>.</p></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Is there anything else I need to know about a respiratory pathogens panel?</h2>
|
||
<p>Respiratory infections are common and can be contagious. They may be spread through coughing, sneezing, and contact with contaminated surfaces even before you start showing symptoms. You may help prevent getting or spreading a respiratory infection by:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a data-tid="4182" href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Washing your hands</a> thoroughly and often</li>
|
||
<li>Using hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol</li>
|
||
<li>Avoiding close contact with people who have a respiratory infection</li>
|
||
<li><a data-tid="7607" href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Cleaning and disinfecting</a> surfaces</li>
|
||
<li>Getting a yearly <a data-tid="6236" href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu shot</a></li>
|
||
<li>Getting <a data-tid="7647" href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html">COVID-19 vaccines</a> (as recommended by your provider)</li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-refs mp-content"><h2>References</h2>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; About Adenovirus; [updated 2024 May 14; cited 2024 Jul 5]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/</a></li>
|
||
<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; COVID-19: Overview of Testing for SARS-CoV-2. [reviewed 2024 Jan 9; cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 10 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/overview-testing-sars-cov-2.html" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/overview-testing-sars-cov-2.html</a></li>
|
||
<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Laboratory Testing for Adenovirus; [reviewed 2024 Jun 4; cited 2024 Jul 5]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/php/laboratory-testing/" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/php/laboratory-testing/</a></li>
|
||
<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests; [reviewed 2016 Oct 25; cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 8 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/hcp/testing-methods/clinician_guidance_ridt.html" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/flu/hcp/testing-methods/clinician_guidance_ridt.html</a></li>
|
||
<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Respiratory Infections CDC Yellow Book 2024; [reviewed 2023 May 1; cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/posttravel-evaluation/respiratory-infections" target="bibliowin">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/posttravel-evaluation/respiratory-infections</a></li>
|
||
<li>Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: Articles [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2023. Flu (Influenza) Test; [reviewed 2022 Apr 13; cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22716-flu-influenza-test" target="bibliowin">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22716-flu-influenza-test</a></li>
|
||
<li>Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: Articles [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2023.Upper Respiratory Infection; [reviewed 2021 May 24; cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 12 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4022-upper-respiratory-infection" target="bibliowin">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4022-upper-respiratory-infection</a></li>
|
||
<li>Clinical Lab Manger [Internet]. Clinical Lab Manager; c2024. A Closer Look at Multiplex Panels for Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Blood Pathogens; 2019 Mar 5 [cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.clinicallab.com/a-closer-look-at-multiplex-panels-for-respiratory-gastro-intestinal-and-blood-pathogens-195" target="bibliowin">https://www.clinicallab.com/a-closer-look-at-multiplex-panels-for-respiratory-gastro-intestinal-and-blood-pathogens-195</a></li>
|
||
<li>Das S, Dunbar S, Tang YW. Laboratory Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children - the State of the Art. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2018 Oct 18 [cited 2024 Feb 12]; 9:2478. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6200861/" target="bibliowin">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6200861/</a></li>
|
||
<li>FDA: US Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: ePlex(r) Respiratory Pathogen Panel 2; [updated 2023 Jul 6; cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/142903/download" target="bibliowin">https://www.fda.gov/media/142903/download</a></li>
|
||
<li>Greenberg SB. Rhinovirus and coronavirus infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2007 Apr [cited 2024 Feb 12]; 28(2):182-92. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17458772" target="bibliowin">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17458772</a></li>
|
||
<li>Labcorp [Internet]. Burlington (NC): Laboratory Corporation of America(r) Holdings; c2023. Patient Test Information: Respiratory Pathogen Panel; [cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.labcorp.com/tests/139845/respiratory-pathogen-panel" target="bibliowin">https://www.labcorp.com/tests/139845/respiratory-pathogen-panel</a></li>
|
||
<li>Marshall NC, Kariyawasam RM, Zelyas N, Kanji JN, Diggle MA. Broad respiratory testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 viral co-circulation and inform diagnostic stewardship in the COVID-19 pandemic. Virol J [Internet]. 2021 May 1 [cited 2024 Feb 12];18(1):93. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087885" target="bibliowin">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087885</a></li>
|
||
<li>Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995-2024. Test ID: RPB: Respiratory Panel, PCR, Varies: Clinical and Interpretive; [cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Overview/616389#Clinical-and-Interpretive" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Overview/616389#Clinical-and-Interpretive</a></li>
|
||
<li>Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998-2023. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); [cited 2024 Mar 14]; [about 9 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/respiratory-syncytial-virus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353098" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/respiratory-syncytial-virus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353098</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: respiratory tract; [cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/respiratory-tract" target="bibliowin">https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/respiratory-tract</a></li>
|
||
<li>Quest Diagnostics [Internet]. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated; c2000-2019. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (COVID-19) and Respiratory Pathogen Panel, Qualitative NAAT; [cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-detail/31687/sars-cov-2-rna-covid-19-and-respiratory-pathogen-panel-qualitative-naat?q=31687&cc=MASTER" target="bibliowin">https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-detail/31687/sars-cov-2-rna-covid-19-and-respiratory-pathogen-panel-qualitative-naat?q=31687&cc=MASTER</a></li>
|
||
<li>Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA): OneCare Media; c2024. Respiratory Pathogens Panel; [modified 2021 Nov 9; cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 13 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.testing.com/tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/" target="bibliowin">https://www.testing.com/tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/</a></li>
|
||
<li>Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA): OneCare Media; c2024. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Testing; [modified 2020 Oct 2; cited 2024 Feb 12]; [about 9 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.testing.com/tests/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-testing/" target="bibliowin">https://www.testing.com/tests/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-testing/</a></li>
|
||
<li>Upadhyay P, Reddy J, Proctor T, Sorel O, Veereshlingam H, Gandhi M, Wang X, Singh V. Expanded PCR Panel Testing for Identification of Respiratory Pathogens and Coinfections in Influenza-like Illness. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jun 9;13(12):2014. [cited 2024 Mar 14]. [about 14 screens]. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13122014. PMID: 37370910; PMCID: PMC10297358.</li>
|
||
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