publicdata/nih-gov
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nih-gov/medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/index.html
Scott Williams 7bcb500d37 Initial commit.
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

670 lines
32 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" id="gene" class="nojs us" data-root="https://medlineplus.gov/">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_top" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/" />
<link href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/" hreflang="x-default" rel="alternate">
<meta name="ac-dictionary" content="medlineplus-ac-dictionary" />
<meta name="description" content="The TFAP2B gene provides instructions for making a protein called transcription factor AP-2β. Learn about this gene and related health conditions." />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/touch-icon.png" />
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="1042245625821448" />
<meta property="og:title" content="TFAP2B gene: MedlinePlus Genetics" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Genetics_Share.jpg" />
<meta property="og:description" content="The TFAP2B gene provides instructions for making a protein called transcription factor AP-2β. Learn about this gene and related health conditions." />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@medlineplus" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@medlineplus" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="TFAP2B gene: MedlinePlus Genetics" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="The TFAP2B gene provides instructions for making a protein called transcription factor AP-2β. Learn about this gene and related health conditions." />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Genetics_Share.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content=""/>
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="" />
<title>TFAP2B gene: MedlinePlus Genetics</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/common_new.css?1738957175439" />
<!--[if IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/ie8/common.css"> <![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/css/uswds_styles.css" />
<script type="text/javascript">document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].className = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].className.replace( /(?:^|\s)nojs(?!\S)/g , '').trim();</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/js/uswds-init.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MMVM77');</script>
</head>
<body>
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MMVM77"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
<a name="top" id="top"></a>
<a class="hide-offscreen" href="#start">Skip navigation</a>
<section
class="usa-banner"
aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
>
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img
aria-hidden="true"
class="usa-banner__header-flag"
src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/us_flag_small.png"
alt=""
/>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">
An official website of the United States government
</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p>
</div>
<button
type="button"
class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default"
>
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div
class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content"
id="gov-banner-default-default"
>
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img
class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img"
src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg"
role="img"
alt=""
aria-hidden="true"
/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br />A
<strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government
organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img
class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img"
src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/icon-https.svg"
role="img"
alt=""
aria-hidden="true"
/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br />A
<strong>lock</strong> (
<span class="icon-lock"
><svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="52"
height="64"
viewBox="0 0 52 64"
class="usa-banner__lock-image"
role="img"
aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default"
focusable="false"
>
<title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc>
<path
fill="#000000"
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"
/>
</svg> </span
>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to
the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official,
secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div id="mplus-wrap">
<header>
<div id="mplus-header">
<div id="mplus-orgs">
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" class="nih-org" target="_blank" title="National Institutes of Health">
<img class="nihlogo" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nihlogo.png" alt="National Institutes of Health"/>
</a><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank"> National Library of Medicine</a>
</div>
<div id="mplus-logo" class="years-25">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/">
<img alt="MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You" title="MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/m_logo_25.png"/>
</a>
</div>
<div id="mplus-nav">
<div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div>
<button id="sm-menu-btn" class="navmenu-btn" title="Menu" role="button" aria-controls="mplus-menu-list" type="submit">Menu<span class="icon icon-nav-menu"></span></button>
<ul id="mplus-menu-list" class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html">Health Topics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">Drugs & Supplements</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">Genetics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">Medical Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html">Medical Encyclopedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/">About MedlinePlus</a></li>
</ul><button id="sm-search-btn" class="navmenu-btn" title="Search" role="button" aria-controls="mplus-search" type="submit"><span class="hide-offscreen"></span>Search<span class="icon icon-nav-search"></span></button>
<div class="top-1">
<form id="mplus-search" method="get" action="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta" title="Search MedlinePlus" target="_self">
<input type="hidden" name="v:project" value="medlineplus"/>
<input type="hidden" name="v:sources" value="medlineplus-bundle"/>
<div class="form-box text-combo">
<div class="form-area"><label class="hide-offscreen" for="searchtext_primary">Search MedlinePlus</label>
<input id="searchtext_primary" class="form-text" type="text" placeholder="Search MedlinePlus" alt="#Site Search input" title="Site Search input" maxlength="400" size="40" name="query" autocomplete="off" role="textbox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true"/>
</div>
<div class="button-area">
<button class="form-btn" title="Search MedlinePlus" alt="Search MedlinePlus" type="submit">GO</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div class="secondarynav">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/"><span>About MedlinePlus</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whatsnew/">What's New</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sitemap.html"><span>Site Map</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/category/?id=CAT-01231&category=medlineplus&from=https%3A//medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/" target="_blank"><span>Customer Support</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mplus-nav-bar">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html">Health Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">Drugs & Supplements</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">Genetics</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">Medical Tests</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html">Medical Encyclopedia</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div id="mplus-content">
<div id="breadcrumbs">
<div itemprop="breadcrumb" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">
<span class="hide-offscreen">You Are Here:</span>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="1"/>
</div>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Genetics</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="2"/>
</div>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Genes</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="3"/>
</div>
<div>
<span>TFAP2B gene</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="page-url print-only">URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/</span>
<div >
<article>
<div class="page-info">
<div class="page-title">
<a name="start" id="start"></a>
<h1 class="with-also">TFAP2B gene</h1>
<span class="alsocalled">transcription factor AP-2 beta</span>
</div>
<div class="page-actions"></div>
<noscript><span class="js-disabled-message">To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.</span></noscript>
</div>
<div class="main">
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="function">
<h2>Normal Function</h2>
<section><div class="mp-content"><p>The <i>TFAP2B</i> gene provides instructions for making a protein called transcription factor AP-2β. A transcription factor is a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. Transcription factor AP-2β is one of a group of related proteins called AP-2 transcription factors. These proteins regulate genes that help control cell division and the self-destruction of cells that are no longer needed (apoptosis).</p><p>Transcription factor AP-2β is involved in development before birth. In particular, this protein is active in the neural crest, which is a group of cells in the early embryo that give rise to many tissues and organs. Neural crest cells migrate to form portions of the nervous system, glands that produce hormones (endocrine glands), pigment cells, smooth muscle and other tissues in the heart, and many tissues in the face and skull. Transcription factor AP-2β also appears to play an important role in the development of the limbs.</p></div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="conditions">
<h2>Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes</h2>
<section>
<div class="mp-content mp-exp exp-full">
<h3>Char syndrome</h3>
<p>Several variants (also known as mutations) in the <em>TFAP2B</em> gene have been identified in people with Char syndrome. Most of these genetic changes alter the structure of transcription factor AP-2β. More than half of these known variants  alter a region of the protein that is critical for DNA binding. Others occur in an area of the protein that is necessary for regulating gene activity. A few changes in the <em>TFAP2B</em> gene prevent the production of any transcription factor AP-2β. A loss of this protein's function disrupts the normal development of structures derived from the neural crest, including the heart and facial features. Abnormal development of these tissues leads to the major features of Char syndrome.</p>
<a class="more-info-link" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/char-syndrome/">More About This Health Condition</a>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content mp-exp exp-full">
<h3>Other disorders</h3>
<p>Studies suggest that several normal variations (polymorphisms) in the <em>TFAP2B</em> gene are associated with an increased risk of <a data-pid="16841" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes/">type 2 diabetes</a>, the most common form of diabetes. People with this disease have high blood sugar levels because the body does not respond correctly to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. This hormone controls how much sugar (in the form of glucose) is passed from the bloodstream into cells to be used as energy. Researchers have proposed that polymorphisms in the <em>TFAP2B</em> gene alter cells' responsiveness to insulin, particularly fat-storing cells (adipocytes).</p><p>Although changes in the <em>TFAP2B</em> gene may be associated with type 2 diabetes, a combination of lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors all play a part in determining the risk of this complex disorder.</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="synonyms">
<h2>Other Names for This Gene</h2>
<section>
<ul class="bulletlist">
<li>activating enhancer binding protein 2 beta</li> <li>AP-2B</li> <li>AP2-B</li> <li>AP2-beta</li> <li>AP2B_HUMAN</li> <li>MGC21381</li> <li>transcription factor AP-2 beta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 beta)</li>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="resources">
<h2>Additional Information & Resources</h2>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/all/tests/?term=7021[geneid]" target="TheNewWin">Tests of TFAP2B</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Scientific Articles on PubMed</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28%28TFAP2B%5BTIAB%5D%29+OR+%28transcription+factor+AP-2+beta%5BTIAB%5D%29%29+OR+%28%28AP-2B%5BTIAB%5D%29+OR+%28transcription+factor+AP-2+beta%5BTIAB%5D%29%29+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+human%5Bmh%5D+AND+%22last+3600+days%22%5Bdp%5D" target="TheNewWin">PubMed</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://omim.org/entry/601601" target="TheNewWin">TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP2-BETA; TFAP2B</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Gene and Variant Databases</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7021" target="TheNewWin">NCBI Gene</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar?term=TFAP2B[gene]" target="TheNewWin">ClinVar</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="references">
<h2>References</h2>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<ul>
<li>Hilger-Eversheim K, Moser M, Schorle H, Buettner R. Regulatory roles of AP-2
transcription factors in vertebrate development, apoptosis and cell-cycle
control. Gene. 2000 Dec 30;260(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00454-6.
<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11137286" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Maeda S, Tsukada S, Kanazawa A, Sekine A, Tsunoda T, Koya D, Maegawa H,
Kashiwagi A, Babazono T, Matsuda M, Tanaka Y, Fujioka T, Hirose H, Eguchi T, Ohno
Y, Groves CJ, Hattersley AT, Hitman GA, Walker M, Kaku K, Iwamoto Y, Kawamori R,
Kikkawa R, Kamatani N, McCarthy MI, Nakamura Y. Genetic variations in the gene
encoding TFAP2B are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Hum Genet.
2005;50(6):283-292. doi: 10.1007/s10038-005-0253-9. Epub 2005 Jun 7. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15940393" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Mani A, Radhakrishnan J, Farhi A, Carew KS, Warnes CA, Nelson-Williams C, Day
RW, Pober B, State MW, Lifton RP. Syndromic patent ductus arteriosus: evidence
for haploinsufficient TFAP2B mutations and identification of a linked sleep
disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 22;102(8):2975-9. doi:
10.1073/pnas.0409852102. Epub 2005 Jan 31. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15684060" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC549488/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Satoda M, Zhao F, Diaz GA, Burn J, Goodship J, Davidson HR, Pierpont ME, Gelb
BD. Mutations in TFAP2B cause Char syndrome, a familial form of patent ductus
arteriosus. Nat Genet. 2000 May;25(1):42-6. doi: 10.1038/75578. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10802654" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Tsukada S, Tanaka Y, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A, Kawamori R, Maeda S. Intronic
polymorphisms within TFAP2B regulate transcriptional activity and affect
adipocytokine gene expression in differentiated adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol. 2006
May;20(5):1104-11. doi: 10.1210/me.2005-0311. Epub 2005 Dec 22. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16373396" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Zhao F, Weismann CG, Satoda M, Pierpont ME, Sweeney E, Thompson EM, Gelb BD.
Novel TFAP2B mutations that cause Char syndrome provide a genotype-phenotype
correlation. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct;69(4):695-703. doi: 10.1086/323410. Epub
2001 Aug 14. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11505339" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1226056/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<div class="side">
<aside>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="mp-img">
<img class="scale-with-grid" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Genes.jpg" alt="DNA helix">
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section"><div class="mp-content"><div class="section-header"><h2>Genomic Location</h2></div><div class="section-body"><span>The <em>TFAP2B</em> gene is found on <a data-pid="20041" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/chromosome/6/">chromosome 6</a>.</span></div></div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header">
<h2>Related Health Topics</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body">
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genesandgenetherapy.html">Genes and Gene Therapy</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">Genetic Disorders</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header red">
<h2>MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body" id="more_encyclopedia">
<ul class="relatedmp" style="list-style: none; padding: 0;">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002371.htm">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002048.htm">Genetics</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header">
<h2>Understanding Genetics</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body">
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/dna/">What is DNA?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/gene/">What is a gene?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/">What is a gene variant and how do variants occur?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header hide-offscreen">
<h2>Disclaimers</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body no-header">
MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disclaimers.html">disclaimer</a> about external links and our <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criteria.html">quality guidelines</a>.
</div>
</div></section>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="bottom">
<section>
<!--
<div class="from-ghr">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/fromGHR.png" alt="From Genetics Home Reference" />
<p>Genetics Home Reference has merged with MedlinePlus. Genetics Home Reference content now can be found in the "Genetics" section of MedlinePlus. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/general/genetics/newhome/">Learn more</a></p>
</div>
-->
<p>The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.</p>
</section>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div id="citation-how-to">
<button><span>Learn how to cite this page</span></button>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div id="mplus-footer">
<div class="footer1">
<ul class="secondarynav">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/">About MedlinePlus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whatsnew/">What's New</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li>
<li><a href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/category/?id=CAT-01231&category=medlineplus&from=https%3A//medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tfap2b/" target="_blank"><span>Customer Support</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="follow-footer">
<li>
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rss.html" class="follow-item">Subscribe to RSS<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/feed.png" class="social-media-toolkit-icon" alt="RSS" title="RSS"></a>
</li>
<li>
<span class="follow-label">Follow us</span>
<a href="https://twitter.com/medlineplus" class="follow-item" target="_blank">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_share_twitter.png" class="follow-icon" alt="X" title="X">
</a>
<a href="https://facebook.com/Mplus.gov/" class="follow-item" target="_blank">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_share_fb.png" class="follow-icon" alt="Facebook" title="Facebook">
</a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/mplusgov/" class="follow-item" target="_blank">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Instagram_Glyph_Gradient_RGB.png" class="follow-icon" alt="Instagram" title="Instagram">
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/social-media-toolkit/" class="social-media-toolkit-item">Social Media Toolkit<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_social_media_toolkit.png" class="social-media-toolkit-icon" alt="Social Media Toolkit" title="Social Media Toolkit"></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer2">
<ul>
<li><a href=" https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" target='_blank'>NLM Web Policies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/usingcontent/" >Copyright</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/criteria/">Guidelines for Links</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plugins.html">Viewers & Players</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" target="_blank">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-connect/">MedlinePlus Connect for EHRs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/developers/">For Developers</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="address">
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank">National Library of Medicine</a>
<span>8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894</span>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
<span id="lastupdate">Last updated August 8, 2022</span>
</div>
<div class="return-top"><a href="#top" title="Return to top"><img class="return-top-icon" alt="Return to top" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/return-top.png"></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/jquery-3.6.0.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/mplus-frontend-controls-new.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/mplus-share.js?id=1112022" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!--[if lte IE 9]><script src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/jslib/jquery.placeholder.js" type="text/javascript"></script><![endif]-->
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/control.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/js/uswds.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink