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</div><div><span>Hepatitis C - children</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Hepatitis C - children</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Hepatitis C in children is inflammation of tissue of the liver. It occurs due to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). </p><p>Other common hepatitis virus infections include <a test="test" href="./007670.htm">hepatitis A</a> and <a test="test" href="./007611.htm">hepatitis B</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>A child may get HCV from an HCV-infected mother, at the time of birth.</p><p>Almost 6 out of every 100 infants born to mothers with an HCV infection have hepatitis C. There is no treatment to prevent hepatitis C at birth. </p><p>Adolescents and teens can also get an HCV infection. There are many causes of hepatitis C in teens, including:</p><ul><li>Being stuck with a needle after use by an HCV-infected person</li><li>Coming in contact with the blood of an infected person</li><li>Using street drugs</li><li>Having unprotected sexual contact with a person with HCV</li><li>Getting tattoos or acupuncture therapy with infected needles</li></ul><p>Hepatitis C does not spread from breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, coughing, or sneezing.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms develop in children about 4 to 12 weeks after infection. If the body is able to fight HCV, the symptoms end within a few weeks to 6 months. This condition is called acute hepatitis C infection.</p><p>However, some children never get rid of HCV. This condition is called chronic hepatitis C infection. </p><p>Most children with hepatitis C (acute or chronic) do not show any symptoms until more advanced <a test="test" href="./000255.htm">liver damage</a> is present. If symptoms do occur, they may include:</p><ul><li>Pain in the right upper abdomen</li><li>Clay-colored or pale stools</li><li>Dark urine</li><li>Tiredness</li><li>Fever</li><li>Yellow skin and eyes (<a test="test" href="./000210.htm">jaundice</a>)</li><li>Loss of appetite</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your child's health care provider will perform blood tests to detect HCV in blood. Two most common blood tests are:</p><ul><li>Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to find the hepatitis C antibody</li><li>Hepatitis C RNA assays to measure virus levels (viral load)</li></ul><p>Infants born to hepatitis C-positive mothers should undergo testing at 18 months of age. This is the time when antibodies from the mother will have decreased. At that time, the test will more truly reflect the baby's antibody status.</p><p>The following tests detect liver damage from hepatitis C:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003480.htm">Albumin level</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003436.htm">Liver function tests</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003652.htm">Prothrombin time</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003895.htm">Liver biopsy</a></li><li>Abdominal ultrasound</li></ul><p>These tests show how well your child's treatment is working.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The main aim of treatment in children is to relieve the symptoms and stop the disease from spreading. If your child has symptoms, make sure that your child:</p><ul><li>Gets plenty of rest</li><li>Drinks lots of fluids</li><li>Eats healthy food </li></ul><p>Acute hepatitis C does not need any special treatment. However, your child can pass the virus to others. You should take steps to help prevent the disease from spreading.</p><p>Chronic hepatitis C needs treatment. The goal of treatment is to prevent complications.</p><p>If there is no sign of the HCV infection after 6 months, then your child has fully recovered. However, if your child develops chronic hepatitis C, it can cause liver disease later in life.</p><p>Your child's provider may recommend antiviral medicines for chronic HCV. These medicines:</p><ul><li>Have fewer side effects</li><li>Are easier to take</li><li>Are taken by mouth </li></ul><p>In 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C in children 3 years and older. Children with hepatitis C are not treated with this medicine until they reach age 3 due to concerns of possible toxicity and the low percentage that a child younger than 3 will have significant liver damage from HCV.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Children younger than 3 years old may not need any treatment. Infection in this age group often resolves without any complications.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>The possible complications of hepatitis C are:</p><ul><li>Liver cirrhosis</li><li><a test="test" href="./000280.htm">Liver cancer</a></li></ul><p>These complications generally occur during adulthood.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if your child has symptoms of hepatitis C. You should also contact your provider if you have hepatitis C and become pregnant.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>There are no vaccinations for hepatitis C. Therefore, prevention plays an important role in managing the disease.</p><p>In a household where someone with hepatitis C is living, take these steps to help <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000401.htm">prevent the spread of the disease</a>:</p><ul><li>Avoid contact with blood. Clean any blood spills using bleach and water.</li><li>Mothers with HCV should not breastfeed if nipples are cracked and bleeding.</li><li>Cover cuts and sores to avoid contact with body fluids.</li><li>Do not share toothbrushes, razors, or any other items that may be infected.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Silent infection - HCV children; Antivirals - hepatitis C children; HCV children; Pregnancy - hepatitis C - children; Maternal transmission - hepatitis C - children </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Association For The Study Of Liver Disease. Infectious Disease Society of America website. HCV in children. <a href="https://www.hcvguidelines.org/unique-populations/children" target="_blank">www.hcvguidelines.org/unique-populations/children</a>. Updated October 24, 2022. Accessed February 27, 2024.</p><p>Jhaveri R, El-Kamary SS. Hepatitis C virus. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. <em>Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 177.</p><p>Naggie S, Wyles DL. Hepatitis C. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 154.</p><p>Rogers ME, Balistreri WF. Viral hepatitis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 406.</p><p>Ward JW, Holtzman D. Epidemiology, natural history, and diagnosis of hepatitis C. In: Sanyal AJ, Boyer TD, Lindor KD, Terrault NA, eds. <em>Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 29.</p></div></div></section>
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Charles I. Schwartz, MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, General Pediatrician at PennCare for Kids, Phoenixville, PA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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