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</div><div><span>Kidney biopsy</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Kidney biopsy</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A kidney biopsy is the removal of a small piece of kidney tissue for examination.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>A kidney biopsy is done in the hospital. The two most common ways to do a kidney biopsy are percutaneous and open. These are described below.</p><p><strong>Percutaneous biopsy. </strong>Percutaneous means through the skin. Most kidney biopsies are done this way. The procedure is usually done in the following way:</p><ul><li>You may receive medicine to make you drowsy.</li><li>You lie on your stomach. If you have a transplanted kidney, you lie on your back.</li><li>The health care provider marks the spot on the skin where the biopsy needle is inserted.</li><li>The skin is cleaned.</li><li>Numbing medicine (anesthetic) is injected under the skin near the kidney area.</li><li>The provider makes a tiny cut in the skin. <a test="test" href="./003336.htm">Ultrasound</a> images are used to find the proper location. Sometimes another imaging method, such as <a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT</a>, is used.</li><li>The provider inserts a biopsy needle through the skin to the surface of the kidney. You are asked to take and hold a deep breath as the needle goes into the kidney.</li><li>If the provider is not using ultrasound guidance, you may be asked to take several deep breaths. This allows the provider to know the needle is in place.</li><li>The needle may be inserted more than once if more than one tissue sample is needed.</li><li>The needle is removed. Pressure is applied to the biopsy site to stop any bleeding.</li><li>After the procedure, a bandage is applied to the biopsy site.</li></ul><p><strong>Open biopsy. </strong>In some cases, your provider may recommend a surgical (open) biopsy. This method is used when a larger piece of tissue is needed or a percutaneous needle biopsy cannot be done safely.</p><ul><li>You receive medicine (anesthesia) that allows you to sleep and be pain-free.</li><li>The surgeon makes a small surgical cut (incision).</li><li>The surgeon locates the part of the kidney from which the biopsy tissue needs to be taken. The tissue is removed.</li><li>The incision is closed with stitches (sutures).</li></ul><p>After percutaneous or open biopsy, you will likely stay in the hospital for at least 12 hours. You will receive pain medicines and fluids by mouth or through a vein (IV). Your urine will be checked for heavy bleeding. A small amount of bleeding is normal after a biopsy.</p><p>Follow instructions about caring for yourself after the biopsy. This may include not lifting anything heavier than 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) for 2 weeks after the biopsy.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Tell your provider:</p><ul><li>About medicines you are taking, including vitamins and supplements, herbal remedies, and over-the-counter medicines</li><li>If you have any allergies</li><li>If you have bleeding problems or if you take blood-thinning medicines such as warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine), fondaparinux (Arixtra), apixaban (Eliquis), dabigatran (Pradaxa), or aspirin</li><li>If you are or think you might be pregnant</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Numbing medicine is used, so the pain during the procedure is often slight. The numbing medicine may burn or sting when first injected.</p><p>After the procedure, the area may feel tender or sore for a few days.</p><p>You may see bright, red blood in your urine during the first 24 hours after the test. If the bleeding lasts longer, tell your provider.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Your provider may order a kidney biopsy if you have:</p><ul><li>An unexplained drop in kidney function</li><li><a test="test" href="./003138.htm">Blood in the urine</a> that does not go away</li><li><a test="test" href="./003580.htm">Protein in the urine</a> found during a urine test</li><li>A transplanted kidney, which needs to be monitored using a biopsy </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>A normal result is when the kidney tissue shows normal structure.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>An abnormal result means there are changes in the kidney tissue. This may be due to:</p><ul><li>Infection</li><li>Poor blood flow through the kidney</li><li>Connective tissue diseases such as <a test="test" href="./000435.htm">systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li><li>Other diseases that may be affecting the kidney, such as diabetes</li><li>Kidney <a test="test" href="./000815.htm">transplant rejection</a>, if you had a transplant</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Risks include:</p><ul><li>Bleeding from the kidney (in rare cases, may require a blood transfusion)</li><li>Bleeding into the muscle, which might cause soreness</li><li>Infection (small risk) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Renal biopsy; Biopsy - kidney</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1101t.jpg" alt="Kidney anatomy" title="Kidney anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1101.htm">Kidney anatomy</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1704t.jpg" alt="Kidney - blood and urine flow" title="Kidney - blood and urine flow" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1704.htm">Kidney - blood and urine flow</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8902t.jpg" alt="Renal biopsy" title="Renal biopsy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8902.htm">Renal biopsy</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Salama AD, Cook HT. The renal biopsy. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Karl S, Philip AM, Taal MW, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 26.</p><p>Topham PS, MacGinley. Kidney biopsy. In: Johnson RJ, Floege J, Tonelli M, eds. <em>Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 7.</p></div></div></section>
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