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</div><div><span>Enteroscopy</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Enteroscopy</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Enteroscopy is a procedure used to examine the small intestine (small bowel).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>An enteroscope uses a long flexible tube with a balloon and a camera attached that can go deep down the inside of the small bowel.</p><p>During a single- or double-balloon enteroscopy, balloons attached to the endoscope can be inflated to allow the doctor to view a section of the small intestine. The enteroscope is usually inserted through the mouth for upper enteroscopy.</p><p>In a <a test="test" href="./003886.htm">colonoscopy</a>, a flexible tube is inserted through your rectum and colon. The tube can most often reach into the end part of the small intestine (ileum). Occasionally, an enteroscope is inserted through the rectum to reach further into the end of the small intestine.</p><p><a test="test" href="./007642.htm">Capsule endoscopy</a> is done with a disposable capsule that you swallow. This transmits pictures to a recorder and is uploaded to a computer for viewing the pictures.</p><p>Tissue samples removed during enteroscopy are sent to the lab for examination. (Biopsies cannot be taken with a capsule endoscopy.)</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Tell the doctor doing your enteroscopy if you take blood thinners such as warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), apixaban (Eliquis), aspirin, or daily NSAIDs because these may interfere with the test. Do not stop taking any medicine unless told to do so by your doctor or health care provider.</p><p>Do not eat any solid foods or milk products after midnight on the day of your procedure. You may have clear liquids until 4 hours before your exam. Occasionally a laxative is given before the enteroscopy. Follow your specific instructions.</p><p>You must sign a consent form.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>You will be given calming and sedating medicine for the procedure and will not feel any discomfort. You may have some bloating or cramping when you wake up. This is from air that is pumped into the abdomen to expand the area during the procedure.</p><p>A capsule endoscopy causes no discomfort.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>This test is most often performed to help diagnose diseases of the small intestine. It may be done if you have:</p><ul><li><div>Abnormal x-ray results</div></li><li><div>Tumors in the small intestine</div></li><li><div>Unexplained diarrhea</div></li><li><div>Unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding</div></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>In a normal test result, the doctor will not find sources of bleeding in the small bowel, and will not find any tumors or other abnormal tissue.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Abnormal signs during an enteroscopy may include:</p><ul><li>Abnormalities of the tissue lining the small intestine (mucosa) or the tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine (villi)</li><li>Abnormal lengthening of blood vessels (angioectasia) in the intestinal lining</li><li>Immune cells called PAS-positive macrophages</li><li><a test="test" href="./003415.htm">Polyps</a> or cancer</li><li><a test="test" href="./000300.htm">Radiation enteritis</a></li><li>Swollen or enlarged <a test="test" href="./003933.htm">lymph nodes</a> or lymphatic vessels</li><li>Ulcers</li></ul><p>Changes found on enteroscopy may be signs of disorders and conditions, including:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000533.htm">Amyloidosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000233.htm">Celiac disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000249.htm">Crohn disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./002408.htm">Folate</a> or <a test="test" href="./002403.htm">vitamin B12</a> deficiency</li><li><a test="test" href="./000288.htm">Giardiasis</a></li><li>Infectious <a test="test" href="./000252.htm">gastroenteritis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001301.htm">Lymphangiectasia</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000580.htm">Lymphoma</a></li><li>Small intestinal angioectasia</li><li>Small intestinal cancer<br/></li><li><a test="test" href="./000275.htm">Tropical sprue</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000209.htm">Whipple disease</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Complications are rare but may include:</p><ul><li>Excessive bleeding from the biopsy site</li><li>Hole in the bowel (bowel perforation)</li><li>Infection of the biopsy site leading to bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream)</li><li>Vomiting, followed by <a test="test" href="./002216.htm">aspiration</a> into the lungs</li><li>The capsule endoscope can cause a blockage in a narrowed intestine with symptoms of abdominal pain and bloating<br/><br/></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Factors that prohibit use of this test may include:</p><ul><li>
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Uncooperative or confused person
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</li><li>
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Untreated blood clotting (coagulation) disorders
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Use of medicines that prevent the blood from clotting normally (anticoagulants)
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</li></ul><p>The greatest risk is bleeding. Signs of bleeding include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003120.htm">Abdominal pain</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003130.htm">Blood in the stools</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003118.htm">Vomiting blood</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Push enteroscopy; Double-balloon enteroscopy; Single-balloon enteroscopy; Spiral enteroscopy; Capsule enteroscopy</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8927t.jpg" alt="Small intestine biopsy" title="Small intestine biopsy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8927.htm">Small intestine biopsy</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/24351t.jpg" alt="Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)" title="Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19930.htm">Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</span></button></div><div class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen" aria-live="polite">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Cameron J. Large bowel. In: Cameron J, ed. <em>Current Surgical Therapy.</em>
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14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:177-286.</p><p>Rojas I, Barth B. Capsule endoscopy and small bowel enteroscopy. In:
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Wyllie R, Hyams JS, Kay M, eds. <em>Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.</em>
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6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 63.</p><p>Sugumar A, Vargo JJ. Preparation for and complications of gastrointestinal
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endoscopy. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and
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Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA:
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Elsevier; 2021:chap 42.</p><p>Waterman M, Zurad EG, Gralnek IM. Video capsule endoscopy. In: Fowler GC,
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ed. <em>Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care.</em> 4th ed.
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Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 93.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 12/31/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Aria - Jefferson Health Torresdale, Jefferson Digestive Diseases Network, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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