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</div><div><span>Pectus excavatum</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Pectus excavatum</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Pectus excavatum is a medical term that describes an abnormal formation of the rib cage that gives the chest a caved-in or sunken appearance.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Pectus excavatum occurs while a baby is developing in the womb. It can also develop in a baby after birth. The condition can be mild or severe.</p><p>Pectus excavatum is due to too much growth of the connective tissue that joins the ribs to the breastbone (sternum). This causes the sternum to grow inward. As a result, there is a depression in the chest over the sternum, which may appear quite deep.</p><p>If the condition is severe, the heart and lungs can be affected. Also, the way the chest looks may cause emotional stress for the child.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The exact cause is unknown. Pectus excavatum may occur by itself. Or there may be a family history of the condition. Other medical problems linked with this condition include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000418.htm">Marfan syndrome</a> (connective tissue disease)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001656.htm">Noonan syndrome</a> (disorder that causes many parts of the body to develop abnormally)</li><li>Poland syndrome (disorder that causes muscles to not develop fully or at all)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000344.htm">Rickets</a> (softening and weakening of the bones)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001241.htm">Scoliosis</a> (abnormal curving of the spine) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Contact your health care provider if you or your child has any of the following:</p><ul><li>Chest pain</li><li>Trouble breathing</li><li>Feelings of depression or anger about the condition</li><li>Feeling tired, even when not being active</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What to Expect at Your Office Visit</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Your provider will perform a <a test="test" href="./002274.htm">physical examination</a>. An infant with pectus excavatum may have other symptoms and signs that, when taken together, define a specific condition known as a syndrome.</p><p>Your provider will also ask about medical history, such as:</p><ul><li>When was the problem first noticed?</li><li>Is it getting better, worse, or staying the same?</li><li>Do other family members have an unusual-shaped chest?</li><li>What other symptoms are there? </li></ul><p>Tests may be done to rule out suspected disorders. These tests may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003935.htm">Chromosome studies</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./002353.htm">Enzyme</a> assays</li><li>Metabolic studies</li><li>X-rays</li><li><a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT scan</a> of the chest</li></ul><p>Tests may also be done to find out how severely the lungs and heart are affected.</p><p>This condition can be <a test="test" href="./002949.htm">surgically repaired</a>. Surgery is generally advised if there are other health problems, such as trouble breathing. Surgery may also be done to improve the appearance of the chest. Talk to your provider about treatment options.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Funnel chest; Cobbler's chest; Sunken chest</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000298.htm">Pectus excavatum - discharge</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2927t.jpg" alt="Pectus excavatum" title="Pectus excavatum" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2927.htm">Pectus excavatum</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8787t.jpg" alt="Ribcage" title="Ribcage" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8787.htm">Ribcage</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/7152t.jpg" alt="Pectus excavatum repair - series" title="Pectus excavatum repair - series" class="side-img"/><a href="../presentations/100035_1.htm">Pectus excavatum repair - series</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Beh HZ, Ferry AM, Dibbs RP, Buchanan EP, Monson LA. Pediatric chest and trunk deformities. In: Losee JE, Hopper RA, eds. <em>Plastic Surgery: Volume 3: Craniofacial, Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatric Plastic Surgery</em>. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 32.</p><p>Boas SR. Skeletal diseases influencing pulmonary function. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 445.</p><p>Weller JH, Nasr IW. Repair of pectus excavatum. In: Cameron JL, Cameron AM, eds. <em>Current Surgical Therapy</em>. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:951-992.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/22/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Mary C. Mancini, MD, PhD, Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Shreveport, LA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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