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</div><div><span>Cough</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Cough</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Coughing is an important way to keep your throat and airways clear. But too much coughing may mean you have a disease or disorder.</p><div class="videobox"><div class="group"><img class="rollover_globals" alt="Coughing" title="Coughing" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/200021t.gif"/>Watch this video about:<a class="blk" href="../anatomyvideos/000039.htm">Coughing</a></div></div><p>Some coughs are dry. Others are productive. A productive cough is one that brings up mucus. Mucus is also called phlegm or sputum.</p><p>Coughs can be either acute or chronic:</p><ul><li>Acute coughs usually begin rapidly and are often due to a <a test="test" href="./000678.htm">cold</a>, <a test="test" href="./000080.htm">flu</a>, or sinus infection. They usually go away after 3 weeks.</li><li>Subacute coughs last 3 to 8 weeks.</li><li>Chronic coughs last longer than 8 weeks. </li></ul></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Common causes of coughing are:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000812.htm">Allergies</a> that involve the nose or sinuses</li><li><a test="test" href="./000141.htm">Asthma</a> and <a test="test" href="./000091.htm">COPD</a> (emphysema or chronic bronchitis)</li><li>The <a test="test" href="./000678.htm">common cold</a>, <a test="test" href="./000080.htm">flu</a>, and other viral infections</li><li>Lung infections such as <a test="test" href="./000145.htm">pneumonia</a> or acute bronchitis</li><li><a test="test" href="./000647.htm">Sinusitis</a> with postnasal drip </li><li><a test="test" href="./000265.htm">Gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> (GERD)</li></ul><p>Other causes include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000087.htm">ACE inhibitors</a> or less often ARB medicines used to treat <a test="test" href="./000468.htm">high blood pressure</a>, heart failure, or <a test="test" href="./000471.htm">kidney diseases</a></li><li>Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke (or smoking other substances like marijuana)</li><li><a test="test" href="./007270.htm">Lung cancer</a></li><li>Lung disease such as <a test="test" href="./000144.htm">bronchiectasis</a>, <a test="test" href="./000107.htm">cystic fibrosis</a>, or <a test="test" href="./000128.htm">interstitial lung disease</a></li><li>Sometimes no specific cause is found</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Home Care</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>If you have asthma or another chronic lung disease, make sure you are taking medicines prescribed by your health care provider.</p><p>Here are some tips to help ease your cough:</p><ul><li>If you have a dry, tickling cough, try cough drops or hard candy. Never give these to a child under age 3, because they can cause choking.</li><li>Use a vaporizer or take a steamy shower to increase moisture in the air to help soothe a dry throat. If you use a humidifier, make sure it is properly cleaned and maintained.</li><li>Drink plenty of fluids. Liquids help thin the mucus in your throat making it easier to cough it up.</li><li>Do not smoke, and stay away from secondhand smoke.</li></ul><p>Medicines you can buy on your own include:</p><ul><li>Guaifenesin helps break up mucus. Follow package instructions on how much to take. Do not take more than the recommended amount. Drink lots of fluids if you take this medicine.</li><li>Decongestants help clear a runny nose and relieve postnasal drip. Check with your provider before taking decongestants if you have high blood pressure.</li><li>Talk to your child's provider before you give children ages 6 years or younger an over-the-counter cough medicine, even if it is labeled for children. These medicines likely do not work for children, and can have serious side effects.</li></ul><p>If you have seasonal allergies, such as hay fever:</p><ul><li>Stay indoors during days or times of the day (usually the morning) when airborne allergens are high.</li><li>Keep windows closed and use an air conditioner.</li><li>Do not use fans that draw in air from outdoors.</li><li>Shower and change your clothes after being outside.</li></ul><p>If you have allergies year-round, cover your pillows and mattress with dust mite covers, use an air purifier, and avoid pets with fur and other triggers.</p><p>Treat the underlying cause (per above) as directed by your provider.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Call 911 or the local emergency number if you have:</p><ul><li>Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing</li><li><a test="test" href="./000845.htm">Hives</a> or a swollen face or throat with difficulty swallowing</li></ul><p>Contact your provider right away if you have a cough and any of the following:</p><ul><li>Heart disease, swelling in your legs, or a cough that gets worse when you lie down (may be signs of <a test="test" href="./000158.htm">heart failure</a>)</li><li>Have had contact with someone who has tuberculosis</li><li>Unintentional weight loss or night sweats (could be tuberculosis)</li><li>An infant younger than 3 months old who has a cough</li><li>A cough that lasts longer than 10 to 14 days</li><li>A cough that produces blood</li><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a> (may be a sign of a bacterial infection that requires antibiotics)</li><li>A high-pitched sound (called <a test="test" href="./003074.htm">stridor</a>) when breathing in</li><li>Thick, foul-smelling, yellowish-green phlegm (could be a bacterial infection)</li><li>A violent cough that begins rapidly</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What to Expect at Your Office Visit</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The provider will perform a physical exam. You will be asked about your cough. Questions may include:</p><ul><li>When the cough began</li><li>What it sounds like</li><li>If there is a pattern to it</li><li>What makes it better or worse</li><li>If you have other symptoms, such as a fever</li></ul><p>The provider will examine your ears, nose, throat, and chest.</p><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li>Chest <a test="test" href="./003804.htm">x-ray</a> or <a test="test" href="./003788.htm">CT scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003853.htm">Lung function tests</a></li><li>Blood tests</li><li>Tests to check the heart, such as an <a test="test" href="./003869.htm">echocardiogram</a></li><li>Gastroesophageal reflux evaluation tests (for example barium swallow)</li><li>Vial swabs</li><li>CT scan of the sinuses</li></ul><p>Treatment depends on the cause of the cough.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000249.htm">Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult</a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000250.htm">Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child</a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000319.htm">When your baby or infant has a fever</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Chung KF, Mazzone SB. Cough. In: Broaddus VC, King TE, Ernst JD, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 37.</p><p>Kraft M. Approach to the patient with respiratory disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 77.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/3/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, MHS, Paul F. Harron, Jr. Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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