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</div><div><span>Breath odor</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Breath odor</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Breath odor is the scent of the air you breathe out of your mouth. Unpleasant breath odor is commonly called bad breath.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Bad breath is usually related to poor dental hygiene. Not brushing and flossing regularly causes sulfur compounds to be released by bacteria in the mouth.</p><p>Some disorders will produce distinct breath odors. Some examples are:</p><ul><li>A fruity odor to the breath is a sign of <a test="test" href="./000320.htm">ketoacidosis</a>, which may occur in diabetes. It is a potentially life-threatening condition.</li><li>Breath that smells like feces can occur with prolonged <a test="test" href="./003117.htm">vomiting</a>, especially when there is a <a test="test" href="./000260.htm">bowel obstruction</a>. It may also occur temporarily if a person has a tube placed through the nose or mouth to drain their stomach.</li><li>The breath may have an ammonia-like odor (also described as urine-like or "fishy") in people with <a test="test" href="./000471.htm">chronic kidney failure</a>.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Bad breath may be caused by:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001060.htm">Abscessed tooth</a></li><li>Gum surgery</li><li><a test="test" href="./000944.htm">Alcoholism</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001055.htm">Cavities</a></li><li>Dentures</li><li>Eating certain foods, such as cabbage, garlic, or raw onions</li><li>Coffee and poorly pH-balanced diet</li><li>Object stuck in the nose (usually happens in kids); often a white, yellow, or bloody discharge from one nostril</li><li>Gum disease (<a test="test" href="./001056.htm">gingivitis</a>, <a test="test" href="./001052.htm">gingivostomatitis</a>, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001057.htm">Impacted tooth</a></li><li>Poor <a test="test" href="./001957.htm">dental hygiene</a></li><li>Tonsils with deep crypts and sulfur granules</li><li><a test="test" href="./000647.htm">Sinus infection</a></li><li>Throat infection</li><li>Tobacco smoking</li><li>Vitamin supplements (especially in large doses)</li><li>Some medicines, including insulin shots, triamterene, and paraldehyde </li></ul><p>Some diseases that may cause unpleasant breath odor are: </p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001044.htm">Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis</a> (ANUG)</li><li>Acute necrotizing ulcerative mucositis</li><li><a test="test" href="./000265.htm">Gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> (GERD)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000501.htm">Acute renal failure</a></li><li>Bowel obstruction</li><li><a test="test" href="./000144.htm">Bronchiectasis</a></li><li>Chronic kidney failure</li><li><a test="test" href="./000283.htm">Esophageal cancer</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000223.htm">Gastric carcinoma</a></li><li>Gastrojejunocolic <a test="test" href="./002365.htm">fistula</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000302.htm">Hepatic encephalopathy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000320.htm">Diabetic ketoacidosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000121.htm">Lung infection or abscess</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001627.htm">Ozena</a>, or atrophic rhinitis</li><li><a test="test" href="./001059.htm">Periodontal disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000655.htm">Pharyngitis</a></li><li>Zenker <a test="test" href="./000257.htm">diverticulum</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Home Care</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Use proper dental hygiene, especially flossing. Remember that mouthwashes are not effective in treating the underlying problem. </p><p>Fresh parsley or a strong mint is often an effective way to fight temporary bad breath. Avoid smoking. </p><p>Otherwise, follow your health care provider's instructions to treat any underlying cause of bad breath.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>Breath odor does not go away and there is not an obvious cause (such as smoking or eating foods that cause the odor).</li><li>You have breath odor and signs of a respiratory infection, such as <a test="test" href="./003090.htm">fever</a>, <a test="test" href="./003072.htm">cough</a>, or face pain with discharge from your nose. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What to Expect at Your Office Visit</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Your provider will take a medical history and perform a physical exam.</p><p>You may be asked the following medical history questions:</p><ul><li>Is there a specific odor (such as fish, ammonia, fruit, feces, or alcohol)?</li><li>Have you recently eaten a spicy meal, garlic, cabbage, or other "odorous" food?</li><li>Do you take vitamin supplements?</li><li>Do you smoke?</li><li>What home care and oral hygiene measures have you tried? How effective are they?</li><li>Have you had a recent <a test="test" href="./000655.htm">sore throat</a>, <a test="test" href="./000647.htm">sinus infection</a>, <a test="test" href="./001060.htm">tooth abscess</a>, or other illness?</li><li>What other symptoms do you have?</li></ul><p>The physical exam will include a thorough inspection of your mouth and nose. A <a test="test" href="./003746.htm">throat culture</a> may be taken if you have a sore throat or mouth sores.</p><p>In rare cases, tests that may be performed include:</p><ul><li>Blood tests to check for diabetes or kidney failure</li><li>Endoscopy (<a test="test" href="./003888.htm">EGD</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003815.htm">X-ray of the abdomen</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">X-ray of the chest</a></li></ul><p>Antibiotics may be prescribed for some conditions. For an object in the nose, your provider will use an instrument to remove it.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Bad breath; Halitosis; Malodor; Fetor oris; Fetor ex ore; Fetor ex oris; Breath malodor; Oral malodor</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9348t.jpg" alt="Gingivitis" title="Gingivitis" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9348.htm">Gingivitis</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Murr AH, Pletcher SD. Approach to the patient with nose, sinus, and ear disorders. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine.</em> 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 394.</p><p>Teughels W, Dadamio J, Robben J, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M. Halitosis (breath malodor). In: Newman MG, Klokkevold PR, Elangovan S, Hernandez-Kapila YL, eds. <em>Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology and Implantology.</em> 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 31. </p></div></div></section>
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