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</div><div><span>D and C</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>D and C (dilation and curettage) is a procedure to scrape and collect the tissue (endometrium) from inside the uterus.</p><ul><li>Dilation (D) is a widening of the cervix to allow instruments into the uterus.</li><li>Curettage (C) is the scraping of tissue from the walls of the uterus.</li></ul></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Description</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>D and C, also called uterine scraping, may be performed in the hospital or in a clinic while you are under <a test="test" href="./007410.htm">general</a> or local anesthesia.</p><p>The health care provider will insert an instrument called a speculum into the vagina. This holds the vaginal canal open. Numbing medicine may be applied to the opening to the uterus (<a test="test" href="./002317.htm">cervix</a>).</p><p>The cervical canal is widened, and a curette (a metal loop on the end of a long, thin handle) is passed through the opening into the uterus cavity. The provider gently scrapes the inner layer of tissue, called the endometrium. Alternatively, a suction curette may be used to remove endometrial tissue. The tissue is collected for examination.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Procedure is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>This procedure may be done to:</p><ul><li>Diagnose or rule out conditions such as <a test="test" href="./000910.htm">uterine cancer</a></li><li>Remove tissue after a <a test="test" href="./001488.htm">miscarriage</a></li><li>Treat heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular periods, or <a test="test" href="./003156.htm">bleeding between periods</a></li><li>Perform a therapeutic or elective abortion </li></ul><p>Your provider may also recommend a D and C if you have:</p><ul><li>Abnormal bleeding while you are on hormone replacement therapy</li><li>An embedded intrauterine device (<a test="test" href="./001946.htm">IUD</a>)</li><li>Bleeding after menopause</li><li>Endometrial polyps (small lumps of tissue on the endometrium)</li><li>Thickening of the uterus </li></ul><p>This list may not include all possible reasons for a D and C.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Risks related to D and C include:</p><ul><li>Puncture of the uterus</li><li>Scarring of the uterine lining (<a test="test" href="./001483.htm">Asherman syndrome</a>, may lead to <a test="test" href="./001191.htm">infertility</a> later)</li><li>Tear of the cervix</li></ul><p>Risks due to anesthesia include:</p><ul><li>Reactions to medicines</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Problems breathing</a></li></ul><p>Risks of any surgery include:</p><ul><li>Bleeding</li><li>Infection</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>After the Procedure</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The D and C procedure has few risks. It can provide relief from bleeding and can help diagnose cancer and other diseases.</p><p>You may return to your normal activities as soon as you feel better, possibly even the same day. </p><p>You may have vaginal bleeding, pelvic cramps, and back pain for a few days after the procedure. You can usually manage pain well with medicines. Avoid using tampons and having sexual intercourse for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Dilation and curettage; Uterus scraping; Vaginal bleeding - dilation; Uterine bleeding - dilation; Menopause - dilation</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17047t.jpg" alt="D and C" title="D and C" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17047.htm">D and C</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/7069t.jpg" alt="D and C - series" title="D and C - series" class="side-img"/><a href="../presentations/100013_1.htm">D and C - series</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bulun SE. Physiology and pathology of the female reproductive axis. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. <em>Williams Textbook of Endocrinology</em>. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 17.</p><p>Ryntz T, Lobo RA. Abnormal uterine bleeding: etiology and management of acute and chronic excessive bleeding. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. <em>Comprehensive Gynecology</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 26.</p><p>Williams VL, Thomas S. Dilation and curettage. In: Fowler GC, ed. <em>Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care</em>. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 162.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 4/16/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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</div></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Related MedlinePlus Health Topics</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-mtp" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Related MedlinePlus Health Topics" class="section-body" id="section-mtp"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html">Abortion</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">Female Infertility</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html">Uterine Cancer</a></li>
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