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</div><div><span>Endocrine glands</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Endocrine glands</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Endocrine glands release (secrete) hormones into the bloodstream.</p><p>The endocrine glands include:</p><ul><li>Adrenal</li><li><a test="test" href="./002380.htm">Hypothalamus</a></li><li>Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas</li><li>Ovaries</li><li>Parathyroid</li><li>Pineal</li><li>Pituitary</li><li><a test="test" href="./002334.htm">Testes</a></li><li>Thyroid </li></ul><div class="videobox"><div class="group"><img class="rollover_globals" alt="Endocrine glands" title="Endocrine glands" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/200091t.gif"/>Watch this video about:<a class="blk" href="../anatomyvideos/000048.htm">Endocrine glands</a></div></div></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Information</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Hypersecretion is when an excess of one or more hormone is secreted from a gland. Hyposecretion is when the amount of hormones that are released is too low.</p><p>There are many types of disorders that can result when too much or too little of a hormone is released.</p><p>Disorders that may be associated with abnormal hormone product from a particular gland include:</p><p>Adrenal:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000378.htm">Addison disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000411.htm">Adrenogenital syndrome</a> or adrenocortical hyperplasia</li><li><a test="test" href="./000410.htm">Cushing syndrome</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000340.htm">Pheochromocytoma</a></li></ul><p>Pancreas:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001214.htm">Diabetes mellitus</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000386.htm">Hypoglycemia</a></li></ul><p>Parathyroid:</p><ul><li>Low blood calcium level</li><li>Tetany (abnormal cramping of muscles)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000458.htm">Renal calculi</a> (kidney stones)</li><li>Excessive loss of minerals from bone (osteoporosis) </li></ul><p>Pituitary:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001176.htm">Growth hormone deficiency</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000321.htm">Acromegaly</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001174.htm">Gigantism</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000377.htm">Diabetes insipidus</a></li><li>Cushing disease </li></ul><div class="videobox"><div class="group"><img class="rollover_globals" alt="Pituitary gland" title="Pituitary gland" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/200093t.gif"/>Watch this video about:<a class="blk" href="../anatomyvideos/000099.htm">Pituitary gland</a></div></div><p>Testes and ovaries:</p><ul><li>Lack of sex development (unclear genitalia) </li></ul><p>Thyroid:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001193.htm">Congenital hypothyroidism</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000353.htm">Myxedema</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001178.htm">Goiter</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000356.htm">Thyrotoxicosis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1093t.jpg" alt="Endocrine glands" title="Endocrine glands" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1093.htm">Endocrine glands</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19148t.jpg" alt="Brain-thyroid link" title="Brain-thyroid link" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19148.htm">Brain-thyroid link</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Barrett EJ. Organization of endocrine control. In: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, eds. <em>Medical Physiology. </em>3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 47.</p><p>Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, et al. Principles of endocrinology. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. <em>Williams Textbook of Endocrinology.</em> 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 1.</p><p>Newell-Price JDC, Gibb FW. Endocrinology. In: Penman ID, Ralston SH, Strachan MWJ, Hobson RP, eds. <em>Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine</em>. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 20.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/12/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Sandeep K. Dhaliwal, MD, board-certified in Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Springfield, VA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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</div></div><div name="Related MedlinePlus Health Topics" class="section-body" id="section-mtp"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html">Endocrine Diseases</a></li>
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