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</div><div><span>Over-the-counter medicines</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Over-the-counter medicines</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>You can buy many medicines for minor problems at the store without a prescription (over-the-counter).</p><img title="Drugs" alt="Drugs" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/9414.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p>Important tips for using over-the-counter medicines:</p><ul><li>Always follow the printed directions and warnings. Talk to your health care provider before starting a new medicine.</li><li>Know what you are taking. Look at the list of ingredients and choose products that have fewer items listed.</li><li>All medicines become less effective over time and should be replaced. Check the expiration date before using any product.</li><li><a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000534.htm">Store medicines</a> in a cool, dry area. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. </li></ul><p>Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should talk to their provider before taking any new medicine.</p><p>Medicines affect children and older adults differently. People in these age groups should take special care when taking over-the-counter medicines.</p><p>Check with your provider before taking an over-the-counter medicine if:</p><ul><li>Your symptoms are very bad.</li><li>You are not sure what is wrong with you.</li><li>You have a long-term medical problem or you are taking prescription medicines. </li></ul><p>ACHES, PAINS, AND HEADACHES</p><p>Over-the-counter pain medicines can help with <a test="test" href="./003024.htm">headache</a>, arthritis pain, sprains, and other minor joint and muscle problems.</p><ul><li>Acetaminophen -- Try this medicine first for your pain. DO NOT take more than 3 grams (3,000 mg) on any one day. Large amounts can harm your liver. Remember that 3 grams is about the same as 6 extra-strength pills or 9 regular pills.</li><li>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -- You can buy some NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, without a prescription. </li></ul><p>Both of these medicines can have serious side effects if you take them in high doses or for a long time. <em>Tell your provider if you are taking these medicines many times a week. You may need to be checked for side effects.</em></p><p>FEVER</p><p>Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help reduce <a test="test" href="./003090.htm">fever</a> in children and adults.</p><ul><li>Take acetaminophen every 4 to 6 hours.</li><li>Take ibuprofen every 6 to 8 hours. DO NOT use ibuprofen in children younger than 6 months.</li><li>Know how much you or your child weighs before giving these medicines. </li></ul><p>Aspirin works very well for treating fever in adults. DO NOT give aspirin to a child unless your child's provider tells you it is OK.</p><p>COLD, SORE THROAT, COUGH</p><p>Cold medicines can treat symptoms to make you feel better, but they do not shorten a cold. Taking zinc supplements within 24 hours of the start of a cold may reduce the symptoms and duration of a cold.</p><p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Talk to your provider before giving your child any type of over-the-counter cold medicine, even if it is labeled for children.</p><p><a test="test" href="./003072.htm">Cough</a> medicines:</p><ul><li>Guaifenesin -- Helps break up mucus. Drink lots of fluids if you take this medicine.</li><li>Menthol throat lozenges -- Soothes "tickle" in the throat (Halls, Robitussin, and Vicks).</li><li>Liquid cough medicines with dextromethorphan -- Suppresses the urge to cough (Benylin, Delsym, Robitussin DM, Simply Cough, Vicks 44, and store brands). </li></ul><p>Decongestants:</p><ul><li>Decongestants help clear a runny nose and relieve postnasal drip.</li><li>Decongestant nasal sprays may work more quickly, but they can have a rebound effect if you use them for more than 3 to 5 days. Your symptoms may get worse if you keep using these sprays.</li><li>Check with your provider before taking decongestants if you have high blood pressure or prostate problems.</li><li>Oral decongestants -- Pseudoephedrine (Contac Non-Drowsy, Sudafed, and store brands); phenylephrine (Sudafed PE and store brands).</li><li>Decongestant nasal sprays -- Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Neo-Synephrine Nighttime, Sinex Spray); phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine, Sinex Capsules). </li></ul><p><a test="test" href="./000655.htm">Sore throat</a> medicines:</p><ul><li>Sprays to numb pain -- Dyclonine (Cepacol); phenol (Chloraseptic).</li><li>Painkillers -- Acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve).</li><li>Hard candies that coat throat -- Sucking on candy or throat lozenges can be soothing. Be careful in young children because of the choking risk. </li></ul><p>ALLERGIES</p><p>Antihistamine pills and liquids work well for treating <a test="test" href="./000812.htm">allergy symptoms</a>.</p><ul><li>Antihistamines that may cause sleepiness -- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl); chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton); brompheniramine (Dimetapp), or clemastine (Tavist)</li><li>Antihistamines that cause little or no sleepiness -- Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin, Dimetapp ND); fexofenadine (Allegra); cetirizine (Zyrtec) </li></ul><p>Talk to your provider before giving medicines that cause sleepiness to a child, because they can affect learning. They can also affect alertness in adults.</p><p>You can also try:</p><ul><li>Eye drops -- Soothe or moisten the eyes</li><li>Preventive nasal spray -- Cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom), fluticasone (Flonase) </li></ul><p>STOMACH UPSET</p><p>Medicines for diarrhea:</p><ul><li>Antidiarrhea medicines such as loperamide (Imodium) -- These medicines slow down action of intestine and reduce number of bowel movements. Talk to your provider before taking them because they can worsen diarrhea caused by infection.</li><li>Medicines that contain bismuth -- May be taken for mild diarrhea (Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol).</li><li>Rehydration fluids -- May be used for moderate and severe diarrhea (Analytes or Pedialyte). </li></ul><p>Medicines for nausea and vomiting:</p><ul><li>Liquids and pills for stomach upset -- May help with mild nausea and vomiting (Emetrol or Pepto-Bismol)</li><li>Rehydration fluids -- May be used to replace fluids from <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000122.htm">vomiting</a> (Enfalyte or Pedialyte)</li><li>Medicines for motion sickness -- Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine); meclizine (Bonine, Antivert, Postafen, and Sea-Legs) </li></ul><p>SKIN RASHES AND ITCHING</p><ul><li>Antihistamines taken by mouth -- May help with itching or if you have allergies</li><li>Hydrocortisone cream -- May help with mild <a test="test" href="./003220.htm">rashes</a> (Cortaid, Cortizone 10)</li><li>Antifungal creams and ointments -- May help with diaper rashes and rashes caused by yeast (nystatin, miconazole, clotrimazole, and ketoconazole) </li></ul></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Medicines to have at home</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9414t.jpg" alt="Drugs" title="Drugs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9414.htm">Drugs</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dinulos JGH. Atopic dermatitis. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. <em>Habif's Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide in Diagnosis and Therapy.</em> 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 5.</p><p>Garza I, Robertson CE, Smith JH, Whealy MA. Headache and other craniofacial pain. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. <em>Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice.</em> 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 102.</p><p>Halmo LS, Wang GS. Pediatric drug therapy. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 171.</p><p>Semrad CE. Approach to the patient with diarrhea and malabsorption. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine.</em> 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 126.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/8/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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