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</div><div><span>Adrenocortical carcinoma</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Adrenocortical carcinoma</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a cancer of the <a test="test" href="./002219.htm">adrenal glands</a>. The adrenal glands are two triangle-shaped glands. One gland is located on top of each kidney.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>ACC is most common in children younger than 5 years old and adults in their 40s and 50s.</p><p>The condition may be linked to a cancer syndrome that is passed down through families (inherited). Both men and women can develop this tumor.</p><p>ACC can produce the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, or testosterone, as well as other hormones. In women the tumor often releases these hormones, which can lead to male characteristics.</p><p>ACC is very rare. The cause is unknown.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of increased cortisol or other adrenal gland hormones may include:</p><ul><li>Fatty, rounded hump high on the back just below the neck (<a test="test" href="./003112.htm">buffalo hump</a>)</li><li>Flushed, rounded face with pudgy cheeks (<a test="test" href="./003105.htm">moon face</a>)</li><li>Obesity</li><li>Stunted growth (<a test="test" href="./003271.htm">short stature</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./002339.htm">Virilization</a> -- the appearance of male characteristics, including increased body hair (especially on the face), pubic hair, acne, deepening of the voice, and enlarged clitoris (females) </li></ul><p>Symptoms of increased aldosterone are the same as symptoms of low potassium, and include:</p><ul><li>Muscle cramps</li><li>Weakness</li><li>Pain in the abdomen</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms.</p><p>Blood tests will be done to check hormone levels:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003695.htm">ACTH</a> level will be low.</li><li><a test="test" href="./003704.htm">Aldosterone</a> level will be high.</li><li><a test="test" href="./003693.htm">Cortisol</a> level will be high.</li><li><a test="test" href="./003484.htm">Potassium</a> level will be low.</li><li>Male or female hormones may be abnormally high. </li></ul><p>Imaging tests of the abdomen may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003777.htm">Ultrasound</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003789.htm">CT scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003335.htm">MRI</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003827.htm">PET scan</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The primary treatment is surgery to remove the tumor. ACC may not improve with <a test="test" href="./002324.htm">chemotherapy</a>. Medicines may be given to reduce production of cortisol, which causes many of the symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome depends on how early the diagnosis is made and whether the tumor has spread (metastasized). Tumors that have spread usually lead to death within 1 to 3 years.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>The tumor can spread to the liver, bone, lung, or other areas.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you or your child has symptoms of ACC, <a test="test" href="./000410.htm">Cushing syndrome</a>, or failure to grow.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Tumor - adrenal; ACC - adrenal</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1093t.jpg" alt="Endocrine glands" title="Endocrine glands" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1093.htm">Endocrine glands</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1146t.jpg" alt="Adrenal metastases - CT scan" title="Adrenal metastases - CT scan" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1146.htm">Adrenal metastases - CT scan</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1147t.jpg" alt="Adrenal Tumor - CT" title="Adrenal Tumor - CT" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1147.htm">Adrenal Tumor - CT</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Habra M, Else T, Fassnacht M. Adrenocortical carcinoma. In: Robertson RP, ed. <em>DeGroot's Endocrinology</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 98.</p><p>National Cancer Institute website. Adrenocortical carcinoma treatment (PDQ) - health professional version. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/hp/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq" target="_blank">www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/hp/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq</a>. Updated August 25, 2022. Accessed August 27, 2024.</p><p>Yeh MW, Livhits M, Duh Q-Y. The adrenal glands. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, et al, eds. <em>Sabiston Textbook of Surgery</em>. 21st ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2022:chap 40.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/21/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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