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</div><div><span>Osteosarcoma</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Osteosarcoma</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Osteosarcoma is a very rare type of cancerous <a test="test" href="./001230.htm">bone tumor</a> that usually develops in teenagers and young adults. It often occurs when a teen is growing rapidly.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children. Average age at diagnosis is 15. Boys and girls are just as likely to develop this <a test="test" href="./001310.htm">tumor</a> until the late teens, after which it occurs more often in boys. Osteosarcoma is also common in people over age 60. </p><p>The cause is not known. In some cases, osteosarcoma runs in families. At least one gene has been linked to an increased risk. This gene is also associated with familial <a test="test" href="./001030.htm">retinoblastoma</a>. This is a cancer of the eye that occurs in children.</p><p>Osteosarcoma tends to occur in the bones of the:</p><ul><li>Shin (near the knee)</li><li>Thigh (near the knee)</li><li>Upper arm (near the shoulder) </li></ul><p>Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly in large bones in the area of bone with the fastest growth rate. However, it can occur in any bone.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The first symptom is usually bone pain near a joint. This symptom may be overlooked, especially in young people, because of other more common causes of joint pain. </p><p>Other symptoms may include any of the following:</p><ul><li>Bone fracture (may occur after a routine movement)</li><li>Limitation of motion</li><li>Limping (if the tumor is in the leg)</li><li>Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm)</li><li>Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the medical history and symptoms.</p><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003416.htm">Biopsy</a> (at time of surgery for diagnosis)</li><li>Blood tests</li><li><a test="test" href="./003833.htm">Bone scan</a> to see if the cancer has spread to other bones</li><li><a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT scan</a> of the chest to see if the cancer has spread to the lungs</li><li><a test="test" href="./003335.htm">MRI scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003827.htm">PET scan</a></li><li>X-ray</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment usually starts after a biopsy of the tumor is done.</p><p>Before surgery to remove the tumor, <a test="test" href="./002324.htm">chemotherapy</a>, [<a test="test" href="./001918.htm">radiation</a>] therapy, or both is usually given. This can shrink the tumor and make surgery easier. It may also kill any cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body.</p><p>Surgery is used after chemotherapy to remove any remaining tumor. In most cases, surgery can remove the tumor while saving the affected limb. This is called limb-sparing surgery. In rare cases, more extensive surgery (such as amputation) is necessary.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Support Groups</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>You can ease the stress of illness by joining a <a test="test" href="./002166.htm">cancer support group</a>. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you and your family not feel alone.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>If the tumor has not spread to the lungs (pulmonary <a test="test" href="./002260.htm">metastasis</a>), long-term survival rates are better. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the outlook is worse. However, there is still a chance of cure with effective treatment.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Limb removal</li><li>Spread of cancer to the lungs</li><li>Side effects of chemotherapy </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Contact your provider if you or your child has persistent bone pain, tenderness, or swelling.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Osteogenic sarcoma; Bone tumor - osteosarcoma</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1057t.jpg" alt="X-ray" title="X-ray" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1057.htm">X-ray</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1232t.jpg" alt="Osteogenic sarcoma - X-ray" title="Osteogenic sarcoma - X-ray" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1232.htm">Osteogenic sarcoma - x-ray</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9714t.jpg" alt="Bone tumor" title="Bone tumor" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9714.htm">Bone tumor</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Anderson ME, DuBois SG, Gebhardt MC. Sarcomas of bone. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. <em>Abeloff's Clinical Oncology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 89.</p><p>National Cancer Institute website. Osteosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone treatment (PDQ) - health professional version. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq" target="_blank">www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq</a>. Updated April 5, 2023. Accessed May 1, 2023.</p></div></div></section>
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