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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Congenital cataract</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A congenital <a test="test" href="./001001.htm">cataract</a> is a clouding of the lens of the eye that is present at birth. The lens of the eye is normally clear. It focuses light that comes into the eye onto the <a test="test" href="./002291.htm">retina</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Unlike most cataracts, which occur with aging, congenital cataracts are present at birth.</p><p>Congenital cataracts are rare. In most people, no cause can be found.</p><p>Congenital cataracts often occur as part of the following birth defects:</p><ul><li>Chondrodysplasia syndrome</li><li>Congenital rubella</li><li>Conradi-Hünermann syndrome</li><li>Down syndrome (trisomy 21)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001469.htm">Ectodermal dysplasia</a> syndrome</li><li>Familial congenital cataracts</li><li><a test="test" href="./000366.htm">Galactosemia</a></li><li>Hallermann-Streiff syndrome</li><li>Lowe syndrome</li><li>Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome</li><li>Pierre-Robin syndrome</li><li><a test="test" href="./001660.htm">Trisomy 13</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Congenital cataracts most often look different than other forms of cataract.</p><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>An infant does not seem to be visually aware of the world around them (if cataracts are in both eyes)</li><li>Gray or white cloudiness of the pupil (which is normally black)</li><li>The "red eye" glow (red reflex) of the pupil is missing in photos, or is different between the 2 eyes</li><li>Unusual rapid eye movements (<a test="test" href="./003037.htm">nystagmus</a>) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>To diagnose congenital cataract, the infant should have a complete eye exam by an ophthalmologist. The infant may also need to be examined by a pediatrician who is experienced in treating inherited disorders. Blood tests or <a test="test" href="./003337.htm">x-rays</a> may also be needed.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>If congenital cataracts are mild and do not affect vision, they may not need to be treated, especially if they are in both eyes.</p><p>Moderate to severe cataracts that affect vision, or a cataract that is in only 1 eye, will need to be treated with <a test="test" href="./002957.htm">cataract removal</a> surgery. In most (noncongenital) cataract surgeries, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted into the eye. The use of IOLs in infants is controversial. Without an IOL, the infant will need to wear a contact lens.</p><p>Patching to force the child to use the weaker eye is often needed to prevent <a test="test" href="./001014.htm">amblyopia</a>.</p><p>The infant may also need to be treated for the inherited disorder that has caused the cataracts.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Removing a congenital cataract is usually a safe, effective procedure. The child will need follow-up for vision rehabilitation. Most infants with congenital cataract in one eye have some level of "lazy eye" (amblyopia) and will need to use patching after the surgery in an attempt to reverse it.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>With cataract surgery there is a very slight risk of:</p><ul><li>Bleeding</li><li>Infection</li><li>Inflammation </li></ul><p>Infants who have surgery for congenital cataracts are likely to develop another type of cataract, which may need further surgery or laser treatment.</p><p>Many of the diseases that are associated with congenital cataract can also affect other organs.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Call for an urgent appointment with your baby's health care provider if:</p><ul><li>You notice that the pupil of one or both eyes appears white or cloudy.</li><li>The child seems to ignore part of their visual world. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>If you have a family history of inheritable disorders that could cause congenital cataracts, consider seeking genetic counseling.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Cataract - congenital</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1684t.jpg" alt="Cataract - close-up of the eye" title="Cataract - close-up of the eye" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1684.htm">Cataract - close-up of the eye</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17253t.jpg" alt="Rubella Syndrome" title="Rubella Syndrome" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17253.htm">Rubella syndrome</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Diseases of the visual system. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 391.</p><p>Lambert SR, Cotsonis G, DuBois L, et al; Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Long-term effect of intraocular lens vs contact lens correction on visual acuity after cataract surgery during infancy: a randomized clinical trial. <em>JAMA Ophthalmol</em>. 2020;138(4):365-372. PMID: 32077909 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32077909/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32077909/</a>.</p><p>Lambert SR, Wilson ME Jr, Plager DA, Lloyd IC. Update on pediatric cataracts. AAPOS Webinar. May 12, 2017. <a href="https://www.aao.org/annual-meeting-video/update-on-pediatric-cataracts" target="_blank">www.aao.org/annual-meeting-video/update-on-pediatric-cataracts</a>. Accessed September 28, 2023.</p><p>Örge FH. Examination and common problems in the neonatal eye. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. <em>Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 95.</p><p>Senna I, Piller S, Ben-Zion I, Ernst MO. Recalibrating vision-for-action requires years after sight restoration from congenital cataracts. <em>Elife</em>. 2022;11:e78734. PMID: 36278872 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278872/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278872/</a>.</p><p>Wevill M. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, morphology, and visual effects of cataract. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 5.5.</p></div></div></section>
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