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<link rel="alternative" hreflang="en" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001569.htm"/><meta property="og:title" content="Measles: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001569.htm"/><meta property="twitter:title" content="Measles: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="description" content="Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus."/><meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus."/><meta property="og:description" content="Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus."/><meta property="twitter:description" content="Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_2.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_3.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/>
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</div><div><span>Measles</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Measles</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Measles is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put contaminated droplets into the air.</p><p>If one person has the measles, 90% of the people who come in contact with that person will get the measles, unless they have been vaccinated.</p><p>People who had measles or who have been vaccinated against measles are protected from the disease. As of 2000, measles had been eliminated in the United States. However, unvaccinated people who travel to other countries where measles is common have brought the disease back to the United States. This has led to recent outbreaks of measles in groups of people who are unvaccinated.</p><p>Some parents do not let their children get vaccinated. This is because of unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Parents and caregivers should know that:</p><ul><li>Large studies of thousands of children have found no connection between this or any vaccine and autism.</li><li>Reviews by all major health organizations in the United States, Great Britain, and elsewhere all found NO LINK between the MMR vaccine and autism.</li><li>The study that had first reported a risk of autism from this vaccine has been proven to be fraudulent.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of measles usually begin 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. This is called the incubation period.</p><p>Rash is often the main symptom. The rash:</p><ul><li>Usually appears 3 to 5 days after the first signs of being sick</li><li>May last 4 to 7 days</li><li>Usually starts on the head and spreads to other areas, moving down the body</li><li>May appear as flat, discolored areas (<a test="test" href="./003229.htm">macules</a>) and solid, red, raised areas (<a test="test" href="./003233.htm">papules</a>) that later join together</li><li>Itches </li></ul><p>Other symptoms may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003031.htm">Bloodshot eyes</a></li><li>Cough</li><li>Fever</li><li>Light sensitivity (<a test="test" href="./003041.htm">photophobia</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003178.htm">Muscle pain</a></li><li>Red and inflamed eyes (<a test="test" href="./001010.htm">conjunctivitis</a>)</li><li>Runny nose</li><li>Sore throat</li><li>Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms. The diagnosis can be made by looking at the rash and seeing Koplik spots in the mouth. Sometimes measles can be hard to diagnose in which case blood tests may need to be done.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There is no specific treatment for the measles.</p><p>The following may relieve symptoms:</p><ul><li>Acetaminophen (Tylenol)</li><li>Bed rest</li><li>Humidified air </li></ul><p>Some children may need vitamin A supplements, which reduce the risk of death and complications in children who do not get enough vitamin A. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Those who do not have complications such as pneumonia do very well.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications of measles infection may include:</p><ul><li>Irritation and swelling of the main passages that carry air to the lungs (<a test="test" href="./001087.htm">bronchitis</a>)
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</li><li>Diarrhea</li><li>Irritation and swelling of the brain (<a test="test" href="./001415.htm">encephalitis</a>)</li><li>Ear infection (<a test="test" href="./000638.htm">otitis media</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Pneumonia</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you or your child has symptoms of measles.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Getting <a test="test" href="./007603.htm">vaccinated</a> is a very effective way to prevent measles. People who are not immunized, or who have not received the full immunization, are at high risk of catching the disease if they are exposed.</p><p>Taking serum immune globulin within 6 days after being exposed to the virus can reduce the risk of developing measles or make the disease less severe.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Rubeola</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2558t.jpg" alt="Measles, Koplik spots - close-up" title="Measles, Koplik spots - close-up" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2558.htm">Measles, Koplik spots - close-up</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2943t.jpg" alt="Measles on the back" title="Measles on the back" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2943.htm">Measles on the back</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Measles (rubeola). <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/index.html" target="_blank">www.cdc.gov/measles/index.html</a>. Updated May 29, 2024. Accessed June 19, 2024.</p><p>Cherry JD, Lugo D. Measles virus. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. <em>Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 180.</p><p>Maldonado YA, Shetty AK. Rubeola virus: measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. In: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, Kimberlin DW, eds. <em>Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 227.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/28/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Charles I. Schwartz MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, General Pediatrician at PennCare for Kids, Phoenixville, PA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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