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</div><div><span>Reye syndrome</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Reye syndrome</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Reye syndrome is characterized by sudden (acute) brain damage and liver function problems. This condition does not have a known cause.</p><p>This syndrome has occurred in children who were given aspirin when they had chickenpox or the flu. Reye syndrome has become very rare. This is because aspirin is no longer recommended for routine use in children.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>There is no known cause of Reye syndrome. It is most often seen in children ages 4 to 12. Most cases that occur with chickenpox are in children ages 5 to 9. Cases that occur with the flu are most often in children ages 10 to 14. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Children with Reye syndrome get sick very suddenly. The syndrome often begins with vomiting. It may last for many hours. The vomiting is quickly followed by irritable and aggressive behavior. As the condition gets worse, the child may be unable to stay awake and alert.</p><p>Other symptoms of Reye syndrome:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003205.htm">Confusion</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Lethargy</a></li><li>Loss of consciousness or coma</li><li>Mental changes</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li>Unusual placement of arms and legs (<a test="test" href="./003299.htm">decerebrate posture</a>). The arms are extended straight and turned toward the body, the legs are held straight, and the toes are pointed downward </li></ul><p>Other symptoms that can occur with this disorder include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003029.htm">Double vision</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003044.htm">Hearing loss</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003190.htm">Muscle function loss</a> or paralysis of the arms or legs</li><li>Speech difficulties</li><li><a test="test" href="./003174.htm">Weakness</a> in the arms or legs </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The following tests may be used to diagnose Reye syndrome:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003468.htm">Blood chemistry tests</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003786.htm">Head CT</a> or <a test="test" href="./003791.htm">head MRI scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003895.htm">Liver biopsy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003436.htm">Liver function tests</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003506.htm">Serum ammonia test</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003428.htm">Spinal tap</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There is no specific treatment for this condition. The health care provider will monitor the pressure in the brain, <a test="test" href="./003855.htm">blood gases</a>, and blood acid-base balance (pH).</p><p>Treatments may include:</p><ul><li>Breathing support (a breathing machine may be needed during a deep coma)</li><li>Fluids by IV to provide <a test="test" href="./002350.htm">electrolytes</a> and glucose</li><li>Steroids to reduce <a test="test" href="./003103.htm">swelling</a> in the brain </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>How well a person does depends on the severity of any coma, as well as other factors.</p><p>The outcome for those who survive an <a test="test" href="./002215.htm">acute</a> episode may be good.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Coma</li><li>Permanent brain damage</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li></ul><p>When untreated, seizures and coma may be life threatening.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if your child has:</p><ul><li>Confusion</li><li>Lethargy</li><li>Other mental changes</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Never give a child aspirin unless told to do so by your child's provider.</p><p>When a child must take aspirin for a medical condition, take care to reduce the child's risk of catching a viral illness, such as the flu and chickenpox. Avoid aspirin for several weeks after the child has received a varicella (chickenpox) vaccine.</p><p><strong>Note</strong>: Other over-the-counter medicines, such as Pepto-Bismol and substances with oil of wintergreen also contain aspirin compounds called salicylates. DO NOT give these to a child who has a cold or fever.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Reye's syndrome</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Aronson JK. Acetylsalicylic acid. In: Aronson JK, ed. <em>Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs</em>. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier B.V.; 2016:26-52.</p><p>Cherry JD. Reye syndrome. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. <em>Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 50.</p><p>Johnston MV. Encephalopathies. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 616.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/28/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Charles I. Schwartz, MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, General Pediatrician at PennCare for Kids, Phoenixville, PA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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