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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Hypomelanosis of Ito</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Hypomelanosis of Ito (HMI) is a very rare birth defect that causes unusual patches of light-colored (<a test="test" href="./003242.htm">hypopigmented</a>) skin and may be associated with eye, nervous system, and skeletal problems.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Health care providers do not know the exact cause of HMI, but they believe it may involve a genetic condition called mosaicism. It is twice as common in girls as in boys.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Skin symptoms are most often visible by the time a child is about 2 years old.</p><p>Other symptoms develop as the child grows, and may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001004.htm">Crossed eyes</a> (strabismus)</li><li>Hearing problems</li><li>Increased body hair (<a test="test" href="./007622.htm">hirsutism</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001241.htm">Scoliosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li>Streaked, whorled or mottled patches of skin on the arms, legs, and middle of the body</li><li>Intellectual disability, including <a test="test" href="./001526.htm">autism spectrum disorder</a> and learning disability</li><li>Mouth or tooth problems </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Ultraviolet light (<a test="test" href="./003386.htm">Wood lamp</a>) examination of the skin lesions may help confirm the diagnosis.</p><p>Tests that may be done include any of the following:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003786.htm">CT</a> or <a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI</a> scan of the head for a child with seizures and nervous system symptoms</li><li>X-rays for a child with skeletal problems</li><li><a test="test" href="./003931.htm">EEG</a> to measure the electrical activity of the brain in a child with seizures</li><li>Genetic testing</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There is no treatment for the skin patches. Cosmetics or clothing may be used to cover the patches. Seizures, scoliosis, and other problems are treated as needed.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outlook depends on the type and severity of symptoms that develop. In most cases, skin color eventually turns to normal.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Problems that may result from HMI include:</p><ul><li>Discomfort and walking problems due to scoliosis</li><li>Emotional distress, related to the physical appearance</li><li><a test="test" href="./001523.htm">Intellectual disability</a></li><li>Injury from seizures</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if your child has an unusual pattern of the color of the skin. However, any unusual patterns are likely to have another cause than HMI.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Incontinentia pigmenti achromians; HMI; Ito hypomelanosis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Joyce JC. Hypopigmented lesions. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 672.</p><p>Patterson JW. Disorders of pigmentation. In: Patterson JW, ed. <em>Weedon's Skin Pathology</em>. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 11.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/31/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Ramin Fathi, MD, FAAD, Director, Phoenix Surgical Dermatology Group, Phoenix, AZ. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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