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</div><div><span>Subdural effusion</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Subdural effusion</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A subdural effusion is a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) trapped between the surface of the brain and the outer lining of the brain (the dura matter). If this fluid becomes infected, the condition is called a subdural empyema.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>A subdural effusion is a rare complication of <a test="test" href="./000680.htm">meningitis</a> caused by bacteria. Subdural effusion is more common in infants.</p><p>It may also occur after head trauma.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Outward curving of a baby's skull's soft spot (<a test="test" href="./003310.htm">bulging fontanelle</a>)</li><li>Abnormally wide spaces in the bony joints of a baby's skull (<a test="test" href="./003307.htm">separated sutures</a>)</li><li>Increased head circumference</li><li>Low energy (<a test="test" href="./003088.htm">lethargy</a>)</li><li>Persistent fever</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li>Vomiting</li><li>Weakness or loss of movement on both sides of the body</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms.</p><p>To detect the subdural effusion, tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003786.htm">CT scan of the head</a></li><li>
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Head size (circumference) measurements
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI scan of the head</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003336.htm">Ultrasound</a> of the head
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</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Surgery to drain the effusion is often necessary. The fluid is usually tested. In rare cases, a permanent drainage device (shunt) is needed to drain fluid. Antibiotics may need to be given through a vein.</p><p>Treatment may include:</p><ul><li>Surgery to drain the effusion</li><li>Drainage device, called a shunt, left in place for a short time or longer time</li><li>Antibiotics given through a vein to treat an infection</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Full recovery from a subdural effusion is expected. If nervous system problems continue, they are generally due to the meningitis, not the effusion. Long-term antibiotics are usually not needed.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications of surgery may include:</p><ul><li>
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Bleeding
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</li><li>
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Brain damage
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</li><li>
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Infection
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</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>
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Your child has recently been treated for meningitis and symptoms continue
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</li><li>
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New symptoms develop
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</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>De Vries LS, Volpe JJ. Bacterial and fungal intracranial infections. In: Volpe JJ, ed. <em>Volpe's Neurology of the Newborn</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 39.</p><p>Kim KS. Bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. <em>Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 31.</p><p>Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 381.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/19/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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