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<link rel="alternative" hreflang="en" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm"/><meta property="og:title" content="McCune-Albright syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm"/><meta property="twitter:title" content="McCune-Albright syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="description" content="McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disease that affects the bones, hormones, and color (pigmentation) of the skin."/><meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disease that affects the bones, hormones, and color (pigmentation) of the skin."/><meta property="og:description" content="McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disease that affects the bones, hormones, and color (pigmentation) of the skin."/><meta property="twitter:description" content="McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disease that affects the bones, hormones, and color (pigmentation) of the skin."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_2.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_3.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/>
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</div><div><span>McCune-Albright syndrome</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">McCune-Albright syndrome</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disease that affects the bones, hormones, and color (pigmentation) of the skin.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>McCune-Albright syndrome is caused by changes in the <em>GNAS</em> gene. A small number, but not all, of the person's cells contain this faulty gene (mosaicism).</p><p>This disease is not inherited. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The main symptom of McCune-Albright syndrome is early puberty in girls. Menstrual periods may begin in early childhood, long before the breasts or pubic hair develop (which normally occur first). The average age that symptoms appear is 3 years old. However, puberty and menstrual bleeding have occurred as early as 4 to 6 months in girls.</p><p>Early sexual development may also occur in boys, but not as often as in girls.</p><p>Other symptoms include:</p><ul><li>Bone fractures</li><li>Deformities of the bones in the face</li><li><a test="test" href="./001174.htm">Gigantism</a></li><li>Irregular, large patchy <a test="test" href="./000828.htm">café au lait spots</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>A physical examination may show signs of:</p><ul><li>Abnormal bone growth in the skull</li><li>Abnormal heart rhythms (<a test="test" href="./001101.htm">arrhythmias</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000321.htm">Acromegaly</a></li><li>Gigantism</li><li>Large cafe-au-lait spots on the skin</li><li>Liver disease, jaundice, fatty liver</li><li>Scar-like tissue in the bone (<a test="test" href="./001234.htm">fibrous dysplasia</a>) </li></ul><p>Tests may show:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./002219.htm">Adrenal</a> abnormalities</li><li>High level of parathyroid hormone (<a test="test" href="./000385.htm">hyperparathyroidism</a>)</li><li>High level of thyroid hormone (<a test="test" href="./000356.htm">hyperthyroidism</a>) </li><li><a test="test" href="./003561.htm">Adrenal hormone</a> abnormalities</li><li>Low level of phosphorous in the blood (<a test="test" href="./000307.htm">hypophosphatemia</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001504.htm">Ovarian cysts</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000704.htm">Pituitary</a> or <a test="test" href="./007265.htm">thyroid tumors</a></li><li>Abnormal <a test="test" href="./003718.htm">blood prolactin</a> level</li><li>Abnormal <a test="test" href="./003706.htm">growth hormone</a> level </li></ul><p>Other tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI of the head</a></li><li>X-rays of the bones </li></ul><p>Genetic testing may be done to identify the gene variant responsible for the symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There is no specific treatment for McCune-Albright syndrome. Medicines that block estrogen production, such as testolactone, have been tried with some success.</p><p>Adrenal abnormalities (such as <a test="test" href="./000410.htm">Cushing syndrome</a>) may be treated with surgery to remove the adrenal glands. Gigantism and pituitary adenoma will need to be treated with medicines that block hormone production, or with surgery.</p><p>Bone abnormalities (fibrous dysplasia) are sometimes removed with surgery.</p><p>Limit the number of x-rays taken of affected areas of the body.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Lifespan is relatively normal.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003040.htm">Blindness</a></li><li>Cosmetic problems from bone abnormalities</li><li><a test="test" href="./003044.htm">Deafness</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001252.htm">Osteitis fibrosa cystica</a></li><li>Premature puberty</li><li>Repeated broken bones</li><li>Tumors of the bone (rare)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if your child starts puberty early, or has other symptoms of McCune-Albright syndrome. Genetic counseling, and possibly genetic testing, may be suggested if the disease is detected.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/24470t.jpg" alt="Anterior skeletal anatomy" title="Anterior skeletal anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9065.htm">Anterior skeletal anatomy</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2447t.jpg" alt="Neurofibromatosis - giant cafe-au-lait spot" title="Neurofibromatosis - giant cafe-au-lait spot" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2447.htm">Neurofibromatosis - giant cafe-au-lait spot</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Garibaldi LR, Chemaitilly W. Disorders of pubertal development. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 600.</p><p>Styne DM. Physiology and disorders of puberty. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Rosen CJ, Kopp PA, eds. <em>Williams Textbook of Endocrinology</em>. 15th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 26.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/18/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Anna C. Edens Hurst, MD, MS, Associate Professor in Medical Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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