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</div><div><span>Proctitis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Proctitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum. It can cause discomfort, bleeding, and the discharge of mucus or pus.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>There are many causes of proctitis. They can be grouped as follows:</p><ul><li>Inflammatory bowel disease</li><li>Autoimmune disease</li><li>Harmful substances</li><li>Non-sexually transmitted infection</li><li>Sexually transmitted disease (STD) </li></ul><p>Proctitis caused by an STD is common in people who have anal intercourse. STDs that can cause proctitis include <a test="test" href="./007267.htm">gonorrhea</a>, herpes, <a test="test" href="./001345.htm">chlamydia</a>, and <a test="test" href="./000634.htm">lymphogranuloma venereum</a>.</p><p>Infections that are not sexually transmitted are less common than STD proctitis. One type of proctitis not from an STD is an infection in children that is caused by the same bacteria as strep throat.</p><p>Autoimmune proctitis is linked to diseases such as <a test="test" href="./000250.htm">ulcerative colitis</a> or <a test="test" href="./000249.htm">Crohn disease</a>. If the inflammation is in the rectum only, it may come and go or move upward into the large intestine.</p><p>Proctitis may also be caused by some medicines, <a test="test" href="./001918.htm">radiotherapy</a> to prostate or pelvis or inserting harmful substances into the rectum.</p><p>Risk factors include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000816.htm">Autoimmune disorders</a>, including inflammatory bowel disease</li><li>High-risk sexual practices, such as anal sex </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003130.htm">Bloody stools</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003125.htm">Constipation</a></li><li>Rectal bleeding</li><li>Rectal discharge, pus</li><li>Rectal pain or discomfort</li><li><a test="test" href="./003131.htm">Tenesmus</a> (pain with bowel movement)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Tests that may be used include:</p><ul><li>Exam of a stool sample</li><li><a test="test" href="./003885.htm">Proctoscopy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003759.htm">Rectal culture</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003885.htm">Sigmoidoscopy</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Most of the time, proctitis will go away when the cause of the problem is treated. Antibiotics are used if an infection is causing the problem. </p><p>Corticosteroids or mesalamine suppositories or enemas may relieve symptoms for some people.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome is good with treatment.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include: </p><ul><li>Anal fistula</li><li><a test="test" href="./000560.htm">Anemia</a></li><li>Recto-vaginal <a test="test" href="./002365.htm">fistula</a> (women)</li><li>Severe bleeding </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you have symptoms of proctitis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Safe sex practices may help prevent the spread of the disease.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Inflammation - rectum; Rectal inflammation</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9390t.jpg" alt="Rectum" title="Rectum" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9390.htm">Rectum</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. 2021 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/proctitis.htm" target="_blank">www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/proctitis.htm</a>. Reviewed July 22, 2021. Accessed July 18, 2023.</p><p>Coates WC. Anorectum. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 82.</p><p>Downs JM, Kulow B. Anal diseases. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 129.</p><p>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Proctitis. <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/proctitis/all-content" target="_blank">www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/proctitis/all-content</a>. Updated December 2021. Accessed July 18, 2023.</p></div></div></section>
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