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</div><div><span>Mediastinal tumor</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Mediastinal tumor</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Mediastinal tumors are growths that form in the mediastinum. This is an area in the middle of the chest that separates the lungs.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The mediastinum is the part of the chest that lies between the sternum and the spinal column, and between the lungs. This area contains the heart, large blood vessels, windpipe (trachea), thymus gland, esophagus, and connective tissues. The mediastinum is divided into three sections:</p><ul><li>
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Anterior (front)
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</li><li>
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Middle
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</li><li>
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Posterior (back)
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</li></ul><p>Mediastinal tumors are rare.</p><p>The most common location for tumors in the mediastinum depends on the age of the person. In children, tumors are more common in the posterior mediastinum. These tumors often begin in the nerves and are noncancerous (benign).</p><p>Most mediastinal tumors in adults occur in the anterior mediastinum. They are usually cancerous (malignant) lymphomas, germ cell tumors, or thymomas (cancers of the thymus). These tumors are most common in middle aged and older adults.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Almost one half of mediastinal tumors cause no symptoms and are found on a <a test="test" href="./003804.htm">chest x-ray</a> done for another reason. Symptoms that do occur are due to pressure on (compression of) local structures and may include:</p><ul><li>Chest pain</li><li>
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Fever and chills
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</li><li>Cough</li><li><a test="test" href="./003073.htm">Coughing up blood</a> (hemoptysis)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003054.htm">Hoarseness</a></li><li>Night sweats</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Shortness of breath</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>A medical history and physical exam may show:</p><ul><li>Fever</li><li>High-pitched breathing sound (<a test="test" href="./003074.htm">stridor</a>)</li><li>Swollen or tender lymph nodes (<a test="test" href="./003097.htm">lymphadenopathy</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003107.htm">Unintentional weight loss</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003070.htm">Wheezing</a></li></ul><p>Further tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003860.htm">CT-guided needle biopsy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">CT scan of the chest</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003864.htm">Mediastinoscopy with biopsy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003794.htm">MRI of the chest</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment for mediastinal tumors depends on the type of tumor and symptoms:</p><ul><li>Thymomas are treated with surgery. It may be followed by <a test="test" href="./001918.htm">radiation</a> or <a test="test" href="./002324.htm">chemotherapy</a>, depending on the stage of the tumor and the success of the surgery.</li><li>Germ cell tumors are usually treated with chemotherapy.</li><li>For lymphomas, chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, and is possibly followed by radiation.</li><li>For nerve-related tumors of the posterior mediastinum, surgery is the main treatment.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome depends on the type of tumor. Different tumors respond differently to chemotherapy and radiation.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications of mediastinal tumors include:</p><ul><li><div><a test="test" href="./001066.htm">Spinal cord compression</a></div></li><li><div>Spread to nearby structures such as the heart, lining around the heart (pericardium), and great vessels (aorta and vena cava)</div></li></ul><p>Radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy can all have serious complications.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you notice symptoms of a mediastinal tumor.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Thymoma - mediastinal; Lymphoma - mediastinal</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1103t.jpg" alt="Lungs" title="Lungs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1103.htm">Lungs</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>McCool FD. Diseases of the diaphragm, chest wall, pleura, and mediastinum. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 86.</p><p>Triplette M, Varghese TK, Cheng GS. Mediastinal tumors and cysts. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 115.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 6/17/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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