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</div><div><span>Melanoma of the eye</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Melanoma of the eye</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Melanoma of the eye is cancer that occurs in various parts of the eye.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p><a test="test" href="./000850.htm">Melanoma</a> is a very aggressive type of cancer that can spread rapidly. It usually is a type of skin cancer.</p><p>Melanoma of the eye can affect several parts of the eye, including the:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./002318.htm">Choroid</a></li><li>Ciliary body</li><li>Conjunctiva</li><li>Eyelid</li><li>Iris</li><li>Orbit </li></ul><p>The choroid layer is the most likely site of melanoma in the eye. This is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the white of the eye and retina (back of the eye).</p><p>The cancer may only be in the eye. Or, it may spread (metastasize) to another location in the body, most commonly the liver. Melanoma can also begin on the skin or other organs in the body and spread to the eye.</p><p>Melanoma is the most common type of eye tumor in adults. Even so, melanoma that starts in the eye is rare.</p><p>Too much exposure to sunlight is an important risk factor for melanoma. People who have fair skin and blue eyes are most affected.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of melanoma of the eye may include any of the following:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003033.htm">Bulging eyes</a></li><li>Change in iris color</li><li><a test="test" href="./003029.htm">Poor vision</a> in one eye</li><li>Red, <a test="test" href="./003032.htm">painful eye</a></li><li>Small defect on the <a test="test" href="./002386.htm">iris</a> or <a test="test" href="./002326.htm">conjunctiva</a></li></ul><p>In some cases, there may be no symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>An eye examination with an <a test="test" href="./003881.htm">ophthalmoscope</a> may reveal a single round or oval lump (tumor) in the eye.</p><p>Tests that may be ordered include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003786.htm">Brain CT</a> or <a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI</a> scan to look for spread (metastasis) to the brain</li><li>Eye <a test="test" href="./003336.htm">ultrasound</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003840.htm">Skin biopsy</a> if there is an affected area on the skin</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Small melanomas may be treated with:</p><ul><li>Surgery</li><li>Laser</li><li><a test="test" href="./001918.htm">Radiation therapy</a> (such as <a test="test" href="./007577.htm">Gamma Knife</a>, <a test="test" href="./007274.htm">CyberKnife</a>, brachytherapy) </li></ul><p>Surgery to remove the eye (enucleation) may be needed.</p><p>Other treatments that may be used include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./002324.htm">Chemotherapy</a>, if the cancer has spread beyond the eye</li><li><a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000903.htm">Immunotherapy</a>, which uses medicines to help your immune system fight the melanoma </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Support Groups</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>You can ease the stress of illness by joining a <a test="test" href="./002166.htm">cancer support group</a>. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>The outcome for melanoma of the eye depends on the size of the cancer when it is diagnosed. Most people survive at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis if the cancer has not spread outside the eye.</p><p>If the cancer has spread outside the eye, the chance of long-term survival is much lower.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p> Problems that may develop due to melanoma of the eye include:</p><ul><li>Distortion or loss of vision</li><li><a test="test" href="./001027.htm">Retinal detachment</a></li><li>Spread of the tumor to other areas of the body</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Contact your health care provider for an appointment if you have symptoms of melanoma of the eye.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-9" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-9"><p>The most important way to prevent melanoma of the eye is to protect the eyes from sunlight, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun's rays are most intense. Wear sunglasses that have ultraviolet protection.</p><p>A yearly eye exam is recommended.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Malignant melanoma - choroid; Malignant melanoma - eye; Eye tumor; Ocular melanoma</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dalvin LA, Shields CL. Tumors of the uvea. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 8.2.</p><p>McCannel TA. Epidemiology of posterior uveal melanoma. In: Sadda SVR, Sarraf D, Freund KB, et al, eds. <em>Ryan's Retina</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 140.</p><p>National Cancer Institute website. Intraocular (uveal) melanoma treatment (PDQ) -- health professional version. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq" target="_blank">www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq</a>. Updated May 12, 2023. Accessed September 12, 2023.</p><p>Shields CL, Shields JA. Overview of management of posterior uveal melanoma. In: Sadda SVR, Sarraf D, Freund KB, et al, eds. <em>Ryan's Retina</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 144.</p></div></div></section>
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