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</div><div><span>Cellulitis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Cellulitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Cellulitis is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. It affects the middle layer of the skin (dermis) and the tissues below. Sometimes, muscle below the skin can be affected.</p><img title="Skin layers" alt="Skin layers" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8912.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria are the most common causes of cellulitis.</p><p>Normal skin has many types of bacteria living on it. When there is a break in the skin, these bacteria can cause a skin infection.</p><p>Risk factors for cellulitis include:</p><ul><li>Cracks or peeling skin between the toes</li><li>History of <a test="test" href="./000170.htm">peripheral vascular disease</a></li><li>Injury or trauma with a break in the skin (skin wounds)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000033.htm">Insect bites and stings</a>, animal bites, or human bites</li><li><a test="test" href="./003228.htm">Ulcers</a> from certain diseases, including diabetes and vascular disease</li><li>Use of corticosteroid medicines or other medicines that suppress the immune system</li><li>Wound from a recent surgery </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of cellulitis include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a> with <a test="test" href="./003091.htm">chills</a> and <a test="test" href="./003218.htm">sweating</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li>Pain or tenderness in the affected area</li><li><a test="test" href="./003220.htm">Skin redness or inflammation</a> that gets bigger as the infection spreads</li><li>Skin sore or <a test="test" href="./003220.htm">rash</a> that starts suddenly, and grows quickly in the first 24 hours</li><li>Tight, glossy, stretched appearance of the skin</li><li>Warm skin in the area of redness</li><li><a test="test" href="./003178.htm">Muscle aches</a> and joint stiffness from swelling of the tissue over the joint</li><li><a test="test" href="./003117.htm">Nausea and vomiting</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may reveal:</p><ul><li>Redness, warmth, tenderness, and swelling of the skin</li><li>Possible drainage, if there is a buildup of pus (<a test="test" href="./000863.htm">abscess</a>) with the skin infection</li><li><a test="test" href="./003097.htm">Swollen glands</a> (lymph nodes) near the affected area </li></ul><p>Your provider may mark the edges of the redness with a pen, to see if the redness goes past the marked border over the next several days.</p><p>Tests that may be ordered include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003744.htm">Blood culture</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count (CBC)</a></li><li>Culture of any fluid or material inside the affected area</li><li>A <a test="test" href="./003840.htm">biopsy</a> may be done if other conditions are suspected </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>You will likely be prescribed antibiotics to be taken by mouth. You may be given pain medicine as well, if needed.</p><p>At home, raise the infected area higher than your heart to reduce swelling and speed up healing. Rest until your symptoms improve.</p><p>You may need to stay in a hospital if:</p><ul><li>You are very sick (for example, you have a very high temperature, low blood pressure, or nausea and vomiting that does not go away)</li><li>You have been on antibiotics and the infection is getting worse (spreading beyond the original pen marking)</li><li>Your immune system is not working well (due to cancer, HIV, or other medical condition)</li><li>You have an infection around your eyes</li><li>You require antibiotics through a vein (IV) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Cellulitis usually goes away after taking antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. Longer treatment may be needed if cellulitis is more severe. This may occur if you have a chronic disease or your immune system is not working properly.</p><p>People with fungal infections of the feet may have cellulitis that keeps coming back, especially if you have <a test="test" href="./001214.htm">diabetes</a>. Cracks in the skin from the fungal infection allow the bacteria to get into the skin.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>The following may result if cellulitis isn't treated or treatment doesn't work:</p><ul><li>Blood infection (<a test="test" href="./000666.htm">sepsis</a>)</li><li>Bone infection (<a test="test" href="./000437.htm">osteomyelitis</a>)</li><li>Inflammation of the lymph vessels (lymphangitis)</li><li>Inflammation of the heart (<a test="test" href="./001098.htm">endocarditis</a>)</li><li>Infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (<a test="test" href="./000680.htm">meningitis</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000039.htm">Shock</a></li><li>Tissue death (<a test="test" href="./007218.htm">gangrene</a>) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Call your provider right away if:</p><ul><li>You have symptoms of cellulitis</li><li>You are being treated for cellulitis and you develop new symptoms, such as persistent fever, drowsiness, <a test="test" href="./003088.htm">lethargy</a>, blistering over the cellulitis, or red streaks that spread </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Protect your skin by:</p><ul><li>Keeping your skin moist with lotions or ointments to prevent cracking</li><li>Wearing shoes that fit well and provide enough room for your feet</li><li>Learning how to trim your nails to avoid harming the skin around them</li><li>Wearing appropriate protective equipment when participating in work or sports</li></ul><p>Whenever you have a break in the skin:</p><ul><li>Clean the break carefully with soap and water. Apply petroleum jelly every day.</li><li>Cover with a bandage and change it every day.</li><li>Watch for redness, pain, drainage, or other signs of infection.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Skin infection - bacterial; Group A streptococcus - cellulitis; Staphylococcus - cellulitis </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8743t.jpg" alt="Cellulitis on the arm" title="Cellulitis on the arm" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8743.htm">Cellulitis on the arm</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17283t.jpg" alt="Periorbital cellulitis" title="Periorbital cellulitis" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17283.htm">Periorbital cellulitis</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dinulos JGH. Bacterial infections. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. <em>Habif's Clinical Dermatology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 9.</p><p>Gabel C, Ko L, Kroshinsky D. Cellulitis and erysipelas. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Coulson IH, Murrell DF, eds. <em>Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 39.</p><p>Pasternack MS, Swartz MN. Cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and subcutaneous tissue infections. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 93.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/31/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Ramin Fathi, MD, FAAD, Director, Phoenix Surgical Dermatology Group, Phoenix, AZ. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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