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</div><div><span>Actinic keratosis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Actinic keratosis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Actinic keratosis is a small, rough, raised area on your skin. Often this area has been exposed to the sun over a long period of time.</p><p>Some actinic keratoses may develop into a type of skin cancer.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Actinic keratosis is caused by exposure to sunlight. </p><p>You are more likely to develop it if you:</p><ul><li>Have fair skin, blue or green eyes, or blond or red hair</li><li>Had a kidney or other organ transplant</li><li>Take medicines that suppress the immune system</li><li>Spend a lot of time each day in the sun (for example, if you work outdoors)</li><li>Had many severe sunburns early in life</li><li>Are older </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Actinic keratosis is usually found on the face, scalp, back of the hands, chest, or places that are often in the sun. </p><ul><li>The skin changes begin as flat and scaly areas. They often have a white or yellow crusty scale on top.</li><li>The growths may be gray, pink, red, or the same color as your skin. Later, they may become hard and wart-like or gritty and rough.</li><li>The affected areas may be easier to feel than see.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will look at your skin to diagnose this condition. A <a test="test" href="./003840.htm">skin biopsy</a> may be done to see if it is cancer. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Some actinic keratoses become <a test="test" href="./000829.htm">squamous cell skin cancer</a>. Have your provider look at all skin growths as soon as you find them. Your provider will tell you how to treat them.</p><p>Growths may be removed by:</p><ul><li>Burning (electrical cautery)</li><li>Scraping away the lesion and using electricity to kill any remaining cells (called curettage and electrodesiccation)</li><li>Cutting the tumor out and using stitches to place the skin back together (called excision)</li><li>Freezing (cryotherapy, which freezes and kills the cells) </li></ul><p>If you have many of these skin growths, your doctor may recommend:</p><ul><li>A special light treatment called <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000906.htm">photodynamic therapy</a></li><li>Chemical peels</li><li>Skin creams, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and imiquimod </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>A small number of these skin growths turn into squamous cell carcinoma. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Contact your provider if you see or feel a rough or scaly spot on your skin, or if you notice any other skin changes.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>The best way to lower your risk for actinic keratosis and skin cancer is to <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000378.htm">learn how to protect your skin from sun and ultraviolet (UV) light</a>.</p><p>Things you can do to lower your exposure to sunlight include:</p><ul><li>Wear clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or pants.</li><li>Try to avoid being in the sun during midday, when ultraviolet light is most intense.</li><li>Use high-quality sunscreens, preferably with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of at least 30. Pick a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB light.</li><li>Apply sunscreen before going out into the sun, and reapply often -- at least every 2 hours while in the sun.</li><li>Use sunscreen year-round, including in the winter.</li><li>Avoid sun lamps, tanning beds, and tanning salons. </li></ul><img title="Sun protection" alt="Sun protection" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19307.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p>Other things to know about sun exposure:</p><ul><li>Sun exposure is stronger in or near surfaces that reflect light, such as water, sand, snow, concrete, and areas painted white.</li><li>Sunlight is more intense at the beginning of the summer.</li><li>Skin burns faster at higher altitudes. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Solar keratosis; Sun-induced skin changes - keratosis; Keratosis - actinic (solar); Skin lesion - actinic keratosis </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1809t.jpg" alt="Actinic keratosis on the arm" title="Actinic keratosis on the arm" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1809.htm">Actinic keratosis on the arm</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2358t.jpg" alt="Actinic keratosis - close-up" title="Actinic keratosis - close-up" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2358.htm">Actinic keratosis - close-up</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2359t.jpg" alt="Actinic keratosis on the forearms" title="Actinic keratosis on the forearms" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2359.htm">Actinic keratosis on the forearms</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2360t.jpg" alt="Actinic keratosis on the scalp" title="Actinic keratosis on the scalp" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2360.htm">Actinic keratosis on the scalp</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/3198t.jpg" alt="Actinic keratosis - ear" title="Actinic keratosis - ear" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/3198.htm">Actinic keratosis - ear</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19307t.jpg" alt="Sun protection" title="Sun protection" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19307.htm">Sun protection</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/200100t.gif" alt="Sun's effect on skin" title="Sun's effect on skin" class="side-img"/><a href="../anatomyvideos/000125.htm">Sun's effect on skin</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Academy of Dermatology Association website. Actinic keratosis: diagnosis and treatment. <a href="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-treatment" target="_blank">www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-treatment</a>. Updated February 23, 2022. Accessed December 2, 2022.</p><p>Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Skin, hair, and nails. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. <em>Siedel's Guide to Physical Examination</em>. 10th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2023:chap 9.</p><p>Dinulos JGH. Premalignant and malignant nonmelanoma skin tumors. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. <em>Habif's Clinical Dermatology. </em>7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 21.</p><p>Gawkrodger DJ, Ardern-Jones MR. Pigmentation. In: Gawkrodger DJ, Ardern-Jones MR, eds. <em>Dermatology: An Illustrated Colour Text. </em>7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 42.</p><p>Soyer HP, Rigel DS, McMeniman E. Actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. In: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. <em>Dermatology.</em> 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 108.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/18/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Elika Hoss, MD, Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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