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</div><div><span>Progressive supranuclear palsy</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Progressive supranuclear palsy</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a movement disorder that occurs from damage to certain nerve cells in the brain.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>PSP is a condition that causes symptoms similar to those of <a test="test" href="./000755.htm">Parkinson disease</a>.</p><p>It involves damage to many cells of the brain. Many areas are affected, including the part of the brainstem where cells that control eye movement are located. The area of the brain that controls steadiness when you walk is also affected. The frontal lobes of the brain are also affected, leading to personality changes.</p><p>The cause of the damage to the brain cells is unknown. PSP gets worse over time.</p><p>People with PSP have deposits in brain tissues that look like those found in people with <a test="test" href="./000760.htm">Alzheimer disease</a>. There is a loss of tissue in most areas of the brain and in some parts of the spinal cord.</p><p>The disorder is most often seen in people over 60 years old, and is somewhat more common in men.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms may include any of the following:</p><ul><li>Loss of balance, repeated falls</li><li>Lunging forward when moving, or fast walking</li><li>Bumping into objects or people</li><li>Changes in expressions of the face</li><li>Deeply lined face</li><li>Eye and vision problems such as <a test="test" href="./003314.htm">different sized pupils</a>, difficulty moving the eyes (<a test="test" href="./001624.htm">supranuclear ophthalmoplegia</a>), lack of control over the eyes, problems keeping the eyes open
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</li><li>Difficulty swallowing</li><li>Tremors, jaw or face jerks or spasms
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</li><li>Mild-to-moderate <a test="test" href="./000739.htm">dementia</a></li><li>Personality changes</li><li>Slow or stiff movements</li><li>Speech difficulties, such as low voice volume, not able to say words clearly, slow speech</li><li>Stiffness and rigid movement in the neck, middle of the body, arms, and legs</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>An exam of the nervous system (neurologic exam) may show:</p><ul><li>Dementia that is getting worse</li><li>Difficulty walking</li><li>Limited eye movements, especially up and down movements</li><li>Inability to keep eyes open</li><li>Normal vision, hearing, feeling, and control of movement</li><li>Stiff and uncoordinated movements like those of Parkinson disease </li></ul><p>Your health care provider may do the following tests to rule out other diseases: </p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI</a> might show shrinking of the brainstem (hummingbird sign)</li><li><a test="test" href="./007341.htm">PET scan of the brain</a> will show changes in the front of the brain </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to control symptoms. There is no known cure for PSP.</p><p>Medicines such as levodopa (combined with carbidopa) may be tried. These medicines raise the level of a brain chemical called dopamine. Dopamine is involved in the control of movement. The medicines may reduce some symptoms, such as rigid limbs or slow movements for a time. But they are usually not as effective as they are for Parkinson disease.</p><p>Many people with PSP will eventually need around-the-clock care and monitoring as they lose brain functions.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Treatment sometimes can reduce symptoms for a while, but the condition will get worse. Brain function will decline over time. Death commonly occurs in 5 to 7 years.</p><p>Newer medicines are being studied to treat this condition.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications of PSP include:</p><ul><li>Blood clot in veins (<a test="test" href="./000156.htm">deep vein thrombosis</a>) due to limited movement</li><li>Injury from falling</li><li>Lack of control over vision</li><li>Loss of brain functions over time</li><li><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Pneumonia</a> due to trouble swallowing</li><li>Poor nutrition (malnutrition)</li><li>Side effects from medicines </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you often fall, and if you have a stiff neck/body, and vision problems.</p><p>Also, call if a loved one has been diagnosed with PSP and the condition has declined so much that you can no longer care for the person at home.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Dementia - nuchal dystonia; Richardson-Steele-Olszewski syndrome; Palsy - progressive supranuclear</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19236t.jpg" alt="Brain structures" title="Brain structures" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19236.htm">Brain structures</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Jankovic J. Parkinson disease and other movement disorders. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. <em>Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier;2022:chap 96.</p><p>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-psp" target="_blank">www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-psp</a>. Updated November 28, 2023. Accessed June 28, 2024.</p><p>Rowe JB, Holland N, Rittman T. Progressive supranuclear palsy: diagnosis and management. <em>Pract Neurol</em>. 2021;21(5):376-383. PMID: 34215700 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34215700/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34215700/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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