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</div><div><span>Optic neuritis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Optic neuritis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>The optic nerve carries images of what the eye sees to the brain. When this nerve become swollen or inflamed, it is called optic neuritis. It may cause sudden, reduced vision in the affected eye.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The exact cause of optic neuritis is unknown.</p><p>The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to the brain. The nerve can swell when it becomes inflamed. The swelling can damage nerve fibers. This can cause short or long-term loss of vision. </p><p>Conditions that have been linked with optic neuritis include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000816.htm">Autoimmune diseases</a>, including <a test="test" href="./000435.htm">lupus</a>, <a test="test" href="./000076.htm">sarcoidosis</a>, and Behçet disease</li><li><a test="test" href="./001328.htm">Cryptococcosis</a>, a fungal infection</li><li>Bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, syphilis, <a test="test" href="./001319.htm">Lyme disease</a>, and <a test="test" href="./000680.htm">meningitis</a></li><li>Viral infections, including viral <a test="test" href="./001415.htm">encephalitis</a>, <a test="test" href="./001569.htm">measles</a>, <a test="test" href="./001574.htm">rubella</a>, <a test="test" href="./001592.htm">chickenpox</a>, <a test="test" href="./000858.htm">herpes zoster</a>, <a test="test" href="./001557.htm">mumps</a>, and mononucleosis</li><li>Respiratory infections, including <a test="test" href="./000082.htm">mycoplasma pneumonia</a> and other common upper respiratory tract infections</li><li><a test="test" href="./000737.htm">Multiple sclerosis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003040.htm">Loss of vision</a> in one eye over an hour or a few hours</li><li>Changes in the way the pupil reacts to bright light</li><li>Loss of color vision</li><li>Pain when you move your eye </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>A complete medical exam can help rule out related diseases. Tests may include:</p><ul><li>Color vision testing</li><li><a test="test" href="./003791.htm">MRI of the brain</a>, including special images of the optic nerve</li><li><a test="test" href="./003396.htm">Visual acuity testing</a></li><li>Visual field testing</li><li>Examination of the optic disc using indirect <a test="test" href="./003881.htm">ophthalmoscopy</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Vision often returns to normal within 2 to 3 weeks with no treatment.</p><p>Corticosteroids given through a vein (IV) or taken by mouth (oral) may speed up recovery. However, the final vision is no better with steroids than without. Oral steroids may actually increase the chance of recurrence.</p><p>If tests suggest that there is also multiple sclerosis, other types of treatment may be helpful.</p><p>Further tests may be needed to try to find the cause of the neuritis. If there is a condition causing the problem, it may be able to be treated.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>When optic neuritis occurs without other diseases, there is a better prognosis. An MRI is an important test because it can help predict if multiple sclerosis or other similar autoimmune diseases are present or may develop.</p><p>Optic neuritis caused by multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune diseases has a poorer outlook. However, vision in the affected eye may still return to normal.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Body-wide side effects from corticosteroids</li><li>Vision loss </li></ul><p>Some people who have an episode of optic neuritis will develop nerve problems in other places in the body or develop multiple sclerosis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider right away if you have a sudden loss of vision in one eye, especially if you have eye pain.</p><p>If you have been diagnosed with optic neuritis, contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>Your vision decreases.</li><li>The <a test="test" href="./003032.htm">pain in the eye</a> gets worse.</li><li>Your symptoms do not improve within 2 to 3 weeks. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Retro-bulbar neuritis; Multiple sclerosis - optic neuritis; Optic nerve - optic neuritis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8867t.jpg" alt="External and internal eye anatomy" title="External and internal eye anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8867.htm">External and internal eye anatomy</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bennett JL. Optic neuritis.<em> Continuum (Minneap Minn)</em>. 2019;25(5):1236-1264. PMID: 31584536 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31584536/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31584536/</a>.</p><p>Calabresi PA. Multiple sclerosis and demyelinating conditions of the central nervous system. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 380.</p><p>Filipi M, Jack S. Interferons in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability update. <em>Int JMS Care</em>. 2020;22(4):165-172. PMID: 32863784 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32863784/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32863784/</a>.</p><p>Moss HE, Balcer LJ. Inflammatory optic neuropathies and neuroretinitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 9.7.</p><p>Thurtell MJ, Prasad S, Tomsak RL. Neuro-ophthalmology: afferent visual system. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. <em>Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.</p></div></div></section>
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