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</div><div><span>Syphilitic aseptic meningitis</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Syphilitic aseptic meningitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Syphilitic aseptic <a test="test" href="./000680.htm">meningitis</a>, or syphilitic meningitis, is a complication of untreated <a test="test" href="./000861.htm">syphilis</a>. It involves inflammation of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord caused by this bacterial infection. These tissues are called the meninges.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Syphilitic meningitis is a form of <a test="test" href="./000703.htm">neurosyphilis</a>. This condition is a life-threatening complication of syphilis infection. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection.</p><p>Syphilitic meningitis is similar to meningitis caused by other germs (organisms), but it doesn't develop as quickly.</p><p>Risks for syphilitic meningitis include a past infection with syphilis or other sexually transmitted illnesses such as <a test="test" href="./007267.htm">gonorrhea</a>. Syphilis infections are mainly spread through sex with an infected person. Sometimes, they may be passed by nonsexual contact.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of syphilitic meningitis may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003029.htm">Changes in vision</a>, such as blurred vision, decreased vision
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</li><li>Fever</li><li>Headache</li><li>Mental status changes, including <a test="test" href="./003205.htm">confusion,</a> decreased attention span, and irritability</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Stiff neck or shoulders, muscle aches</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li>Sensitivity to light (<a test="test" href="./003041.htm">photophobia</a>) and loud noises</li><li>
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Sleepiness, <a test="test" href="./003088.htm">lethargy</a>, hard to wake up</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may show problems with the nerves, including nerves that control eye movement.</p><p>Tests may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003799.htm">Cerebral angiography</a> to check blood flow in the brain</li><li>Electroencephalogram (<a test="test" href="./003931.htm">EEG</a>) to measure electrical activity in the brain</li><li><a test="test" href="./003786.htm">Head CT scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003428.htm">Spinal tap</a> to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for examination</li><li>Blood test to screen for a syphilis infection </li></ul><p>If screening tests indicate a syphilis infection, more tests are done to confirm the diagnosis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goals of treatment are to cure the infection and stop symptoms from getting worse. Treating the infection helps prevent new nerve damage and may reduce symptoms. Treatment does not reverse existing damage.</p><p>Medicines likely to be given include:</p><ul><li>Penicillin or other antibiotics (such as tetracycline or erythromycin) for a long time to make sure the infection goes away</li><li>Medicines for seizures</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Some people may need help eating, dressing, and caring for themselves. Confusion and other mental changes may either improve or continue long-term after antibiotic treatment.</p><p>Late-stage syphilis can cause nerve or heart damage. This can lead to disability and death.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Inability to care for self</li><li>Inability to communicate or interact</li><li>Seizures that may result in injury</li><li>Stroke</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number if you have seizures.</p><p>Contact your provider if you have a severe headache with fever or other symptoms, especially if you have a history of syphilis infection.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Proper treatment and follow-up of syphilis infections will reduce the risk of developing this type of meningitis.</p><p>If you are sexually active, <a test="test" href="./001949.htm">practice safer sex</a> and always use condoms.</p><p>All pregnant women should be screened for syphilis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Meningitis - syphilitic; Neurosyphilis - syphilitic meningitis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19080t.jpg" alt="Meninges of the brain" title="Meninges of the brain" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19080.htm">Meninges of the brain</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19088t.jpg" alt="Meninges of the spine" title="Meninges of the spine" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19088.htm">Meninges of the spine</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8679t.jpg" alt="Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system" title="Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8679.htm">Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17266t.jpg" alt="Primary syphilis" title="Primary syphilis" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17266.htm">Primary syphilis</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Hasbun R, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Acute meningitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 87.</p><p>Radolf JD, Tramont EC, Salazar JC. Syphilis (<em>Treponema pallidum</em>). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 237.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 9/10/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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