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</div><div><span>Cryptosporidium enteritis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Cryptosporidium enteritis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Cryptosporidium enteritis is an infection of the small intestine that causes <a test="test" href="./003126.htm">diarrhea</a>. The parasite cryptosporidium causes this infection.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>
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Cryptosporidium has recently been recognized as a cause of diarrhea worldwide in all age groups. It has a greater effect on people with a weakened immune system, including:</p><ul><li>
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People who take medicines to suppress their immune system
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</li><li>
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People with <a test="test" href="./000594.htm">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li>
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Transplant recipients
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</li></ul><p>In these groups, this infection is not just bothersome, but can lead to severe and life-threatening loss of muscle and body mass (wasting) and <a test="test" href="./000404.htm">malnutrition</a>.</p><p>The major risk factor is drinking water contaminated with stool (feces). People at higher risk include:</p><ul><li>Animal handlers</li><li>People who are in close contact with infected people</li><li>Young children</li></ul><p>Outbreaks have been linked to:</p><ul><li>Drinking from contaminated public water supplies</li><li>Drinking unpasteurized cider</li><li>Swimming in contaminated pools and lakes</li></ul><p>Some outbreaks have been very large.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of infection include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003120.htm">Abdominal cramping</a></li><li>Diarrhea, which is often watery, non-bloody, large-volume, and occurs many times a day</li><li>
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General sick feeling (<a test="test" href="./003089.htm">malaise</a>)
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</li><li>Malnutrition and weight loss (in severe and prolonged cases)</li><li>Nausea</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>These tests may be done:</p><ul><li>Antibody test to see if cryptosporidium is in the stool</li><li>Intestinal biopsy (rare)</li><li>Stool exam with special techniques (AFB staining)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003756.htm">Stool exam</a> using a microscope to look for the parasites and their eggs</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There are several treatments for cryptosporidium enteritis.</p><p>The best approach is to improve immune function in people who have a weakened immune system. In people with HIV/AIDS, this can be done by using HIV-antiviral medicines. Using this type of treatment can lead to a complete remission of cryptosporidium enteritis.</p><p>Medicines such as nitazoxanide have been used in children and adults. Other medicines that are sometimes used include:</p><ul><li>Nitazoxanide</li><li>Paromomycin</li></ul><p>These medicines often help only for a little while. It is common for the infection to return.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>In healthy people, the infection will clear up, but it can last up to a month. In people with a <a test="test" href="./000818.htm">weakened immune system</a>, long-term diarrhea may cause weight loss and malnutrition.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>These complications can occur:</p><ul><li>Inflammation of a bile duct</li><li>Inflammation of the gallbladder</li><li>Inflammation of the liver (<a test="test" href="./001154.htm">hepatitis</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000299.htm">Malabsorption</a> (not enough nutrients being absorbed from the intestinal tract)</li><li>Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)</li><li>Loss of body mass that causes extreme thinness and weakness (wasting syndrome)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you develop watery diarrhea that does not go away within a few days, especially if you have a weakened immune system.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Proper sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing, are important measures for preventing this illness.</p><p>Certain water filters can also reduce risk by filtering out the cryptosporidium eggs. However, the pores of the filter must be smaller than 1 micron to be effective. If you have a weakened immune system, ask your provider if you need to boil your water.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Cryptosporidiosis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1395t.jpg" alt="Cryptosporidium - organism" title="Cryptosporidium - organism" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1395.htm">Cryptosporidium - organism</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8710t.jpg" alt="Digestive system organs" title="Digestive system organs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8710.htm">Digestive system organs</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Huston CD. Intestinal protozoa. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 113.</p><p>Warren CA, Lima AAM. Cryptosporidiosis. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 321.</p><p>White AC. Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium species). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 282.</p></div></div></section>
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