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</div><div><span>Bilateral hydronephrosis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Bilateral hydronephrosis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Bilateral hydronephrosis is the enlargement of the parts of the kidney that collect urine. Bilateral means both sides.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Bilateral hydronephrosis occurs when urine is unable to drain from the kidney into the bladder. Hydronephrosis is not itself a disease. It occurs as a result of a problem that prevents urine from draining out of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.</p><p>Disorders linked with bilateral hydronephrosis include:</p><ul><li>Acute bilateral obstructive uropathy -- sudden blockage of the kidneys</li><li><a test="test" href="./002238.htm">Bladder outlet obstruction</a> -- blockage of the bladder, which does not allow drainage</li><li>Chronic bilateral obstructive uropathy -- a gradual blockage of both kidneys is most often from a common singular obstruction</li><li><a test="test" href="./000754.htm">Neurogenic bladder</a> -- poorly functional bladder</li><li>Posterior urethral valves -- flaps on the urethra that causes poor emptying of the bladder (in boys)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001269.htm">Prune belly syndrome</a> -- poorly emptying bladder that causes distention of the belly</li><li>Retroperitoneal fibrosis -- abnormal scar tissue that blocks the ureters</li><li>Ureteropelvic junction obstruction -- blockage of the kidney at the point where the ureter enters the kidney</li><li><a test="test" href="./000459.htm">Vesicoureteric reflux</a> -- backup of the urine from the bladder up to the ureter or kidney</li><li>
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Uterine prolapse -- when the bladder drops down and presses into the vaginal area. This causes a kink in the urethra, which prevents the urine from emptying out of the bladder.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>In a baby, signs of a problem are often found before birth during a pregnancy ultrasound.</p><p>A <a test="test" href="./000521.htm">urinary tract infection</a> in a newborn baby can signal a blockage in the kidney. An older child who gets repeat urinary tract infections should also be checked for blockage.</p><p>A higher than normal number of urinary tract infections is often the only symptom of the problem.</p><p>Common symptoms in adults may include:</p><ul><li>Back pain</li><li>Nausea, vomiting</li><li>Fever</li><li>Need to urinate often</li><li>Decreased urine output</li><li>Blood in the urine</li><li>Urinary incontinence</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The following tests can show bilateral hydronephrosis:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003789.htm">CT scan of the abdomen</a> or kidneys</li><li><a test="test" href="./003782.htm">Intravenous pyelogram</a> (IVP), used less often</li><li><a test="test" href="./003778.htm">Pregnancy (fetal) ultrasound</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003790.htm">Renal scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003777.htm">Ultrasound of the abdomen</a> or kidneys </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Placing a tube into the bladder (Foley catheter) may open the blockage. Other treatments include:</p><ul><li>Draining the bladder
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</li><li>Relieving pressure by placing tubes in the kidney through the skin
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</li><li>Placing a tube (stent) through the ureter to allow urine to flow from the kidney to bladder
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</li></ul><p>The underlying cause of the blockage needs to be found and treated once the buildup of urine is relieved.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Surgery performed while the baby is in the womb or shortly after birth can have good results in improving kidney function.</p><p>Return of renal function can vary, depending on how long the blockage is present.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Irreversible kidney damage may result from conditions that cause hydronephrosis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>This problem is often found by the health care provider.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>An ultrasound during pregnancy can show a blockage in the baby's urinary tract. This allows the problem to be treated with early surgery.</p><p>Other causes of blockage, such as <a test="test" href="./000458.htm">kidney stones</a>, can be detected early if people notice warning signs of kidney problems.</p><p>It is important to pay attention to general problems with urination. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Hydronephrosis - bilateral</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1122t.jpg" alt="Female urinary tract" title="Female urinary tract" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1122.htm">Female urinary tract</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1123t.jpg" alt="Male urinary tract" title="Male urinary tract" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1123.htm">Male urinary tract</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Elder JS. Obstruction of the urinary tract. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 555.</p><p>Frøkiaer J. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 37.</p><p>Gallagher KM, Hughes J. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. <em>Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 58.</p><p>Nakada SY, Best SL. Management of upper urinary tract obstruction. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. <em>Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 89.</p></div></div></section>
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