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</div><div><span>Bursitis</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Bursitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Bursitis is the swelling and irritation of a bursa. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between muscles, tendons, and bones.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Bursitis is often a result of overuse. It can also be caused by a change in activity level, such as training for a marathon, or by being <a test="test" href="./003101.htm">overweight</a>.</p><p>Other causes include trauma, <a test="test" href="./000431.htm">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a test="test" href="./000422.htm">gout</a>, or infection. Sometimes, the cause can't be found.</p><p>Bursitis commonly occurs in the shoulder, knee, elbow, and hip. Other areas that may be affected include the area around the Achilles tendon and the foot.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of bursitis may include any of the following:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003261.htm">Joint pain</a> and tenderness when you press around the joint</li><li>Stiffness and aching when you move the affected joint</li><li><a test="test" href="./003103.htm">Swelling</a>, warmth or redness over the joint</li><li>Pain during movement and rest</li><li>Pain may spread to the nearby areas</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will ask about your medical history and perform a physical exam.</p><p>Tests that may be ordered include:</p><ul><li>Laboratory tests to check for infection</li><li><a test="test" href="./003629.htm">Removing fluid from the bursa</a></li><li>
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Analysis including <a test="test" href="./003742.htm">culture of the fluid</a></li><li>Ultrasound</li><li>MRI</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Your provider will talk to you about a treatment plan to help you resume your normal activities, including some of the following tips.</p><p>Tips to relieve bursitis pain:</p><ul><li>Use ice 3 to 4 times a day for the first 2 or 3 days.</li><li>Cover the painful area with a towel, and place the ice on it for 15 minutes. Do not fall asleep while applying the ice. You can get frostbite if you leave it on too long.</li><li>Rest the joint.</li><li>When sleeping, do not lie on the side that has bursitis. </li></ul><p>For bursitis around the hips, knees, or ankle:</p><ul><li>Try not to stand for long periods.</li><li>Stand on a soft, cushioned surface, with equal weight on each leg.</li><li>Placing a pillow between your knees when lying on your side can help decrease pain.</li><li>Flat shoes that are cushioned and comfortable often help.</li><li>If you are overweight, losing weight may also be helpful. </li></ul><p>You should avoid activities that involve repetitive movements of any body part when possible.</p><p>Other treatments include:</p><ul><li>Medicines such as NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)</li><li>Physical therapy</li><li>Wearing a brace or splint to support the joint and help reduce inflammation</li><li>Exercises you do at home to build strength and keep the joint mobile as pain goes away</li><li>Removing fluid from the bursa and getting a corticosteroid shot </li></ul><p>As the pain goes away, your provider may suggest exercises to build strength and keep movement in the painful area.</p><p>In rare cases, surgery is done.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Some people do well with treatment. When the cause cannot be corrected, you may have long-term pain. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>If the bursa is infected, it becomes more inflamed and painful. This often requires antibiotics or surgery.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if symptoms recur or do not improve after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment, or if the pain is getting worse.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>When possible, avoid activities that include repetitive movements of any body parts. Be aware of your posture when doing the activities. Strengthening your muscles and working on your balance may help decrease the risk of bursitis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Student's elbow; Olecranon bursitis; Housemaid's knee; Prepatellar bursitis; Weaver's bottom; Ischial gluteal bursitis; Baker's cyst; Gastrocnemius - semimembranosus bursa</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19070t.jpg" alt="Bursa of the elbow" title="Bursa of the elbow" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19070.htm">Bursa of the elbow</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19071t.jpg" alt="Bursa of the knee" title="Bursa of the knee" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19071.htm">Bursa of the knee</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8741t.jpg" alt="Bursitis of the shoulder" title="Bursitis of the shoulder" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8741.htm">Bursitis of the shoulder</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Biundo JJ. Bursitis, tendinitis, and other periarticular disorders and sports medicine. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine. </em>26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 247.</p><p>Hogrefe C, Jones EM. Tendinopathy and bursitis. In: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, Erickson TB, Wilcox SR, eds. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice.</em> 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 103.</p></div></div></section>
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