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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Osteomalacia</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Osteomalacia is softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem that leads to <a test="test" href="./002405.htm">vitamin D</a> deficiency, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones.</p><p>In children, the condition is called <a test="test" href="./000344.htm">rickets</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>A lack of the proper amount of calcium in the blood can lead to weak and soft bones. Low blood calcium can be caused by low vitamin D level in the blood.</p><p>Vitamin D is absorbed from food or produced by the skin when exposed to sunlight. Lack of vitamin D produced by the skin may occur in people who:</p><ul><li>Live in climates with little exposure to sunlight</li><li>Must stay indoors</li><li>Work indoors during the daylight hours</li><li>Wear clothes that cover most of their skin</li><li>Have dark skin pigmentation</li><li>Use very strong sunscreen </li></ul><p>You may not get enough vitamin D from your diet if you:</p><ul><li>Are lactose intolerant (have trouble digesting milk products)</li><li>Do not eat or drink milk products (more common in older adults)</li><li>Follow a vegetarian diet</li><li>Are not able to absorb vitamin D well in the intestines, such as after gastric bypass surgery or due to a gastrointestinal disease</li></ul><img title="Vitamin D deficit" alt="Vitamin D deficit" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/24464.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p>Other conditions that may cause osteomalacia include:</p><ul><li>Cancer -- rare tumors that cause low phosphate level in the blood</li><li><a test="test" href="./000501.htm">Kidney failure</a> and <a test="test" href="./001181.htm">acidosis</a></li><li>Lack of enough phosphates in the diet</li><li>Liver disease -- the liver cannot convert vitamin D to its active form</li><li>Side effects of medicines used to treat <a test="test" href="./003200.htm">seizures</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li>Bone fractures that happen without a significant injury</li><li><a test="test" href="./003174.htm">Muscle weakness</a></li><li>Widespread <a test="test" href="./003180.htm">bone pain</a>, especially in the hips</li></ul><p>Symptoms may also occur due to a low calcium level. These include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003206.htm">Numbness</a> around the mouth</li><li>Numbness or tingling of the arms and legs</li><li><a test="test" href="./003194.htm">Spasms or cramps of the hands or feet</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Blood tests will be done to check vitamin D, creatinine, calcium, <a test="test" href="./003478.htm">phosphate</a>, electrolyte, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels.</p><p><a test="test" href="./003808.htm">Bone x-rays</a> and a <a test="test" href="./007197.htm">bone density test</a> can help detect pseudofractures, bone loss, and bone softening. More importantly, osteomalacia can look like weakening of the bones from <a test="test" href="./000360.htm">osteoporosis</a> on bone density testing.</p><p>In some cases, a <a test="test" href="./003923.htm">bone biopsy</a> will be done to see if bone softening is present.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment may involve vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus supplements taken by mouth. People who cannot absorb nutrients well through the intestines may need larger doses of vitamin D and calcium. This includes people who have some types of weight loss surgery.</p><p>People with certain conditions may need regular blood tests to monitor blood levels of phosphorus and calcium.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Some people with vitamin deficiency disorders will get better within a few weeks. With treatment, healing should happen within 6 months.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Symptoms can return.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you have symptoms of osteomalacia, or if you think that you may be at risk for this disorder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Eating a diet rich in vitamin D and calcium and getting sufficient exposure to sunlight can help prevent osteomalacia due to vitamin D deficiency.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Vitamin D deficiency - osteomalacia; Calcium - osteomalacia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/24442t.jpg" alt="Calcium benefit" title="Calcium benefit" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/18121.htm">Calcium benefit</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/24464t.jpg" alt="Vitamin D deficit" title="Vitamin D deficit" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/18111.htm">Vitamin D deficit</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bhan A, Rao AD, Bhadada SK, Rao SD. Rickets and osteomalacia. In Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. <em>Williams Textbook of Endocrinology.</em> 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 31.</p><p>Chonchol M, Smogorzewski MJ, Stubbs JR, Yu ASL. Disorders of calcium homeostasis. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. </em>11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 18.</p><p>Liu ES, Demay MS. Disorders of mineralization. In: Robertson RP, ed. <em>DeGroot's Endocrinology</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 62.</p><p>Weinstein RS. Osteomalacia and rickets. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 226.</p></div></div></section>
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