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</div><div><span>Factitious hyperthyroidism</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Factitious hyperthyroidism</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Factitious hyperthyroidism is higher-than-normal thyroid hormone levels in the blood and symptoms that suggest hyperthyroidism. It occurs from taking too much thyroid hormone medicine.</p><p>Hyperthyroidism is also known as overactive thyroid.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The thyroid gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In most cases of <a test="test" href="./000356.htm">hyperthyroidism</a>, the thyroid gland itself produces too much of these hormones.</p><p>Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by taking too much thyroid hormone medicine for <a test="test" href="./000353.htm">hypothyroidism</a>. This is called factitious hyperthyroidism. When this occurs because the prescribed dosage of hormone medicine is too high, it is called iatrogenic, or doctor-induced, hyperthyroidism. This is common. Sometimes this is intentional (for some people with depression or thyroid cancer), but often this happens because the dose is not adjusted based on follow-up blood tests.</p><p>Factitious hyperthyroidism can also occur when someone takes too much thyroid hormone on purpose and may conceal this. This is very uncommon. These may be people:</p><ul><li>Who have mental disorders such as <a test="test" href="./001555.htm">Munchausen syndrome</a></li><li>Who are trying to lose weight</li><li>Who are being treated for depression or infertility</li></ul><p>Children may take thyroid hormone pills accidentally.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The symptoms of factitious hyperthyroidism are the same as those of hyperthyroidism caused by a thyroid gland disorder, except that:</p><ul><li>There is no <a test="test" href="./001178.htm">goiter</a>. The thyroid gland is often small.</li><li>The eyes do not bulge, as they do in <a test="test" href="./000358.htm">Graves disease</a> (the most common type of hyperthyroidism).</li><li>The skin over the shins does not thicken, as it sometimes does in people who have Graves disease.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Blood tests used to diagnose factitious hyperthyroidism include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003517.htm">Free T4</a></li><li>Thyroglobulin</li><li>Total <a test="test" href="./003687.htm">T3</a></li><li>Total <a test="test" href="./003517.htm">T4</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003684.htm">TSH</a></li></ul><p>Other tests that may be done include <a test="test" href="./003689.htm">radioactive iodine uptake</a> or thyroid ultrasound.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Your health care provider will tell you to stop taking thyroid hormone. If you need to take it, your provider will reduce the dosage.</p><p>You should be re-checked in 2 to 4 weeks to be sure that the signs and symptoms are gone. This also helps to confirm the diagnosis.</p><p>People with Munchausen syndrome will need mental health treatment and follow up.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Factitious hyperthyroidism will resolve on its own when you stop taking or lower the dosage of thyroid hormone.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>When factitious hyperthyroidism lasts a long time, the same complications as untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism may develop:</p><ul><li>
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Abnormal heartbeat (<a test="test" href="./000184.htm">atrial fibrillation</a>)</li><li>Anxiety</li><li><a test="test" href="./003079.htm">Chest pain</a> (<a test="test" href="./001107.htm">angina</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000195.htm">Heart attack</a></li><li>Loss of bone mass (if severe, <a test="test" href="./000360.htm">osteoporosis</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003107.htm">Weight loss</a></li><li>Infertility</li><li>Problems sleeping</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Thyroid hormone should be taken only by prescription and under the supervision of a provider. Regular blood tests are often needed to help your provider adjust the dose you are taking.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Factitious thyrotoxicosis; Thyrotoxicosis factitia; Thyrotoxicosis medicamentosa; Factitious hyperthyroxinemia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8966t.jpg" alt="Thyroid gland" title="Thyroid gland" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8966.htm">Thyroid gland</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Jonklaas J. Hypothyroidism. In: Robertson RP, ed. <em>DeGroot's Endocrinology</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 74.</p><p>Pearce EN, Hollenberg AN. Thyroid. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 207.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/20/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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