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</div><div><span>Pulmonary nocardiosis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Pulmonary nocardiosis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infection of the lung with <em>Nocardia </em>bacteria.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Nocardia infection develops when you breathe in (inhale) the bacteria. The infection causes <a test="test" href="./000145.htm">pneumonia</a>-like symptoms. The infection can spread to any part of the body.</p><p>People with a weak immune system are at a high risk for nocardia infection. This includes people who have:</p><ul><li>Been taking steroids or other medicines that weaken the immune system for a long time</li><li>Cushing disease</li><li>An organ transplant</li><li><a test="test" href="./000594.htm">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li>Lymphoma (a type of <a test="test" href="./001289.htm">cancer</a>)</li></ul><p>Other people at risk include those with long-term (chronic) lung problems related to smoking, <a test="test" href="./000091.htm">emphysema</a>, or <a test="test" href="./000077.htm">tuberculosis</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Pulmonary nocardiosis mainly affects the lungs. But, nocardiosis can also spread to other organs in the body. Common symptoms may include:</p><p>ENTIRE BODY</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a> (comes and goes)</li><li>General ill feeling (<a test="test" href="./003089.htm">malaise</a>)</li><li>Night sweats </li></ul><p>GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM </p><ul><li>Nausea</li><li>Liver and spleen swelling (<a test="test" href="./003275.htm">hepatosplenomegaly</a>)</li><li>Loss of appetite</li><li>Unintentional weight loss</li><li>Vomiting </li></ul><p>LUNGS AND AIRWAYS </p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Breathing difficulty</a></li><li>Chest pain not due to heart problems</li><li>Coughing up blood or mucus</li><li>Rapid breathing</li><li>
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Shortness of breath
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</li></ul><p>MUSCLES AND JOINTS </p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003261.htm">Joint pain</a></li></ul><p>NERVOUS SYSTEM </p><ul><li>Change in mental state</li><li>Confusion</li><li>Dizziness</li><li>Headache</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li>Changes in vision</li></ul><p>SKIN </p><ul><li>Skin rashes or lumps</li><li>Skin sores (abscesses)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003097.htm">Swollen lymph nodes</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will examine you and listen to your lungs using a stethoscope. You may have abnormal lung sounds, called crackles. Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li>Bronchoalveolar lavage -- fluid is sent for stain and culture, which is taken by <a test="test" href="./003857.htm">bronchoscopy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">Chest CT</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003794.htm">MRI scan of the chest</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003725.htm">Pleural fluid culture</a> and stain</li><li>Sputum stain and culture </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to control the infection. Antibiotics are used, but it may take a while to get better. Your provider will tell you how long you need to take the medicines. This may be for up to a year. </p><p>Surgery may be needed to remove or drain infected areas.</p><p>Your provider may tell you to stop taking any medicines that weaken your immune system. Never stop taking any medicine before talking to your provider first.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome is often good when the condition is diagnosed and treated quickly.</p><p>The outcome is poor when the infection:</p><ul><li>Spreads outside the lung.</li><li>Treatment is delayed.</li><li>The person has a serious disease that leads to or requires long-term suppression of the immune system.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications of pulmonary nocardiosis may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000783.htm">Brain abscesses</a></li><li>Skin infections</li><li>Kidney infections</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve the chance of a good outcome.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Be careful when using corticosteroids. Use these medicines sparingly, in the lowest effective doses and for the shortest periods of time possible.</p><p>Some people with a weak immune system may need to take antibiotics for long periods of time or indefinitely to prevent the infection from returning.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Nocardiosis - pulmonary; Mycetoma; Nocardia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9248t.jpg" alt="Respiratory system" title="Respiratory system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9248.htm">Respiratory system</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dockrell DH, Ho A, Gordon SB. Community-acquired pneumonia. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King Jr TE, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 46.</p><p>Southwick FS. Nocardiosis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 314. </p></div></div></section>
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