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</div><div><span>Primary alveolar hypoventilation</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Primary alveolar hypoventilation</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Primary alveolar hypoventilation is a rare disorder in which a person does not take enough breaths per minute. The lungs and airways are normal.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Normally, when the oxygen level in the blood is low or the carbon dioxide level is high, there is a signal from the brain to breathe more deeply or quickly. In people with primary alveolar hypoventilation, this change in breathing does not happen.</p><p>The cause of this condition is unknown. Some people have a specific genetic defect.</p><p>The disease mainly affects men 20 to 50 years old. It may also occur in children.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms are usually worse during sleep. Episodes of stopped breathing (<a test="test" href="./003069.htm">apnea</a>) often occur while sleeping. Often there is no shortness of breath during the day.</p><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003215.htm">Bluish coloration of the skin</a> caused by lack of oxygen (<a test="test" href="./003215.htm">cyanosis</a>)</li><li>Daytime drowsiness</li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li>Morning headaches</li><li>Swelling of the ankles</li><li>Waking up from sleep unrested</li><li>Waking up many times at night </li></ul><p>People with this disease are very sensitive to even small doses of sedatives or narcotics. These drugs can make their breathing problem much worse.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about symptoms.</p><p>Tests will be done to rule out other causes. For example, muscular dystrophy can make the rib muscles weak, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) damages the lung tissue itself. A small stroke can affect the breathing center in the brain.</p><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li>Measuring levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood (<a test="test" href="./003855.htm">arterial blood gases</a>)<br/></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a> or CT scan</li><li><a test="test" href="./003646.htm">Hematocrit</a> and <a test="test" href="./003645.htm">hemoglobin</a> blood tests to check oxygen carrying ability of red blood cells</li><li><a test="test" href="./003853.htm">Lung function tests</a></li><li>Overnight oxygen level measurements (oximetry)</li><li>Sleep study (<a test="test" href="./003932.htm">polysomnography</a>) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Medicines that stimulate the <a test="test" href="./002290.htm">respiratory</a> system may be used but do not always work. Mechanical devices that assist breathing, particularly at night, may be helpful in some people. Oxygen therapy may help in a few people, but may worsen night symptoms in others.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Response to treatment varies.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Low blood oxygen level can cause high blood pressure in the lung blood vessels. This can lead to <a test="test" href="./000129.htm">cor pulmonale</a> (right-sided heart failure).</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. Seek medical care right away if bluish skin occurs.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>There is no known prevention. You should avoid using sleep medicines or other drugs that can cause drowsiness.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Ondine's curse; Ventilatory failure; Diminished hypoxic ventilator drive; Diminished hypercapnic ventilator drive</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9248t.jpg" alt="Respiratory system" title="Respiratory system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9248.htm">Respiratory system</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Lumb A, Thomas C. Control of breathing. In: Lumb A, Thomas C, eds. <em>Nunn and Lumb's Applied Respiratory Physiology</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 4.</p><p>Malhotra A, Powell F. Disorders of ventilatory control. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 80.</p><p>Weinberger SE, Cockrill BA, Mandel J. Disorders of ventilatory control. In: Weinberger SE, Cockrill BA, Mandel J, eds. <em>Principles of Pulmonary Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 18.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/31/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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