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<link rel="alternative" hreflang="en" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000065.htm"/><meta property="og:title" content="Atelectasis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000065.htm"/><meta property="twitter:title" content="Atelectasis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="description" content="Atelectasis is the collapse of part or, much less commonly, all of a lung."/><meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="Atelectasis is the collapse of part or, much less commonly, all of a lung."/><meta property="og:description" content="Atelectasis is the collapse of part or, much less commonly, all of a lung."/><meta property="twitter:description" content="Atelectasis is the collapse of part or, much less commonly, all of a lung."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_2.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_3.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Atelectasis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Atelectasis is the collapse of part or, much less commonly, all of a lung.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung.</p><p>Atelectasis is not the same as another type of collapsed lung called <a test="test" href="./000087.htm">pneumothorax</a>, which occurs when air escapes from the lung. The air then fills the space outside of the lung, between the lung and chest wall. In atelectasis, there is usually fluid between the lung and the chest wall and the air sacs within the lung fill with fluid.</p><p>Atelectasis is common after surgery or in people who are or were in the hospital.</p><p>Risk factors for developing atelectasis include:</p><ul><li>Anesthesia</li><li>Use of a <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000458.htm">breathing tube</a></li><li>Foreign object in the airway (most common in children)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000066.htm">Lung disease</a></li><li>Mucus that plugs the airway</li><li>Pressure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs (called a <a test="test" href="./000086.htm">pleural effusion</a>)</li><li>Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position</li><li>Shallow breathing (may be caused by painful breathing or muscle weakness)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001310.htm">Tumors</a> that block an airway </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms may include any of the following:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Breathing difficulty</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003079.htm">Chest pain</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003072.htm">Cough</a></li></ul><p>There are no symptoms if atelectasis is mild.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>To confirm if you have atelectasis and determine its cause, the following tests will likely be done to view the lungs and airways:</p><ul><li>Physical exam by auscultating (listening) or percussing (tapping) the chest</li><li><a test="test" href="./003857.htm">Bronchoscopy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">Chest CT</a> or MRI scan</li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003336.htm">Ultrasound</a> of chest</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to treat the underlying cause and re-expand the collapsed lung tissue. If fluid is putting pressure on the lung, removing the fluid may allow the lung to expand.</p><p>Treatments include one or more of the following:</p><ul><li>Clap (<a test="test" href="./002281.htm">percussion</a>) on the chest to loosen mucus plugs in the airway.</li><li>Deep breathing exercises (with the help of <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000451.htm">incentive spirometry devices</a>).</li><li>Remove or relieve any blockage in the airways by <a test="test" href="./003857.htm">bronchoscopy</a>.</li><li>Tilt the person so the head is lower than the chest (called postural drainage). This allows mucus to drain more easily.</li><li>Treat a tumor or other condition.</li><li>Turn the person to lie on the healthy side, allowing the collapsed area of lung to re-expand.</li><li>Use inhaled medicines to open the airway.</li><li>Use other devices that help increase positive pressure in the airways and clear fluids. </li><li>Be physically active if possible</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>In an adult, atelectasis in a small area of the lung is usually not life threatening. The rest of the lung can make up for the collapsed area, bringing in enough oxygen for the body to function.</p><p>Large areas of atelectasis may be life threatening, often in a baby or small child, or in someone who has another lung disease or illness.</p><p>The collapsed lung usually reinflates slowly if the airway blockage has been removed. Scarring or damage may remain.</p><p>The outlook depends on the underlying disease. For example, people with extensive cancer often don't do well, while those with simple atelectasis after surgery have a very good outcome.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Pneumonia</a> may develop quickly after atelectasis in the affected part of the lung.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider right away if you develop symptoms of atelectasis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>To prevent atelectasis:</p><ul><li>Encourage movement and deep breathing in anyone who is bedridden for long periods.</li><li>Keep small objects out of the reach of young children.</li><li>Maintain deep breathing after anesthesia.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Partial lung collapse </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/23232t.jpg" alt="Bronchoscopy" title="Bronchoscopy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1077.htm">Bronchoscopy</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Carlsen KH, Crowley S, Smevik B. Atelectasis. In: Wilmott RW, Deterding R, Li A, et al. <em>Kendig's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 70.</p><p>O'Donnell. Bronchiectasis, atelectasis, cysts, and localized lung disorders. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 84.</p><p>Rozenfeld RA. Atelectasis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 437.</p></div></div></section>
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