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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Heat emergencies</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Heat emergencies or illnesses are caused by exposure to extreme heat or sun. Heat illnesses can be prevented by being careful in hot, humid weather.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Heat injuries can occur due to high temperatures and humidity. You are more likely to feel the effects of heat sooner if:</p><ul><li>You are not used to high temperatures or high humidity.</li><li>You are a child or an older adult.</li><li>You are already ill from another cause or have been injured.</li><li>You are obese.</li><li>You are also exercising. Even a person who is in good shape can suffer heat illness if warning signs are ignored. </li></ul><p>The following make it harder for the body to regulate its temperature, and make a heat emergency more likely:</p><ul><li>Drinking alcohol before or during exposure to heat or high humidity</li><li>Not drinking enough fluids when you're active on warmer or hot days</li><li>Heart disease</li><li>Certain medicines: Examples are beta-blockers, water pills or diuretics, some medicines used to treat depression, <a test="test" href="./001553.htm">psychosis</a>, or <a test="test" href="./001551.htm">ADHD</a></li><li>Sweat gland problems</li><li>Wearing too much clothing </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Muscle cramps are the first stage of heat illness. If heat exposure continues and these symptoms are not treated, they can lead to heat exhaustion and then heat stroke.</p><p>Heat stroke occurs when the body is no longer able to regulate its temperature, and it keeps rising. Heat stroke can cause shock, brain damage, organ failure, and even death.</p><p>The early symptoms of heat illness include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003193.htm">Muscle cramps</a> and pains that most often occur in the legs or abdomen, and may be due to multiple factors including exercising in the heat.</li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003085.htm">Thirst</a></li><li>Very heavy
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<a test="test" href="./003218.htm">sweating</a></li></ul><p>Later symptoms of heat exhaustion include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003216.htm">Cool, moist skin</a></li><li>
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Dark urine
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./003093.htm">Dizziness</a>, <a test="test" href="./003092.htm">lightheadedness</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003024.htm">Headache</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003117.htm">Nausea and vomiting</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003174.htm">Weakness</a></li><li>Rapid, shallow breathing</li><li>Rapid, weak pulse</li></ul><p>The symptoms of heatstroke include those of heat exhaustion in combination with very high body temperature and significant neurologic symptoms (call 911 or the local emergency number right away):</p><ul><li>Fever -- temperature above 104°F (40°C)</li><li>Extreme confusion (altered level of consciousness)</li><li>Irrational behavior</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000022.htm">Unconsciousness</a> (loss of responsiveness)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>First Aid</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>If you think a person may have heat illness or emergency:</p><ul><li>Have the person lie down in a cool place. Raise the person's feet about 12 inches (30 centimeters).</li><li>Apply cool, wet cloths (or cool water directly) to the person's skin and use a fan to lower body temperature. Place cold compresses on the person's neck, groin, and armpits.</li><li>If alert, give the person a beverage to sip (such as a sports drink), or make a salted drink by adding a teaspoon (6 grams) of salt per quart (1 liter) of water. Give a half cup (120 milliliters) every 15 minutes. Cool water will do if salt beverages are not available.</li><li>For muscle cramps, give beverages as noted above and massage affected muscles gently, but firmly, until they relax.</li><li>If the person shows signs of <a test="test" href="./000039.htm">shock</a> (<a test="test" href="./003215.htm">bluish lips and fingernails</a> and <a test="test" href="./003202.htm">decreased alertness</a>), starts having seizures, or loses consciousness, call 911 or the local emergency number and give first aid as needed.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>DO NOT</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Follow these precautions:</p><ul><li>Do not give the person medicines that are used to treat fever (such as aspirin or acetaminophen). They will not help, and they may be harmful.</li><li>Do not give the person salt tablets.</li><li>Do not give the person liquids that contain alcohol or caffeine. They will make it harder for the body to control its internal temperature.</li><li>Do not use alcohol rubs on the person's skin.</li><li>Do not give the person anything by mouth (not even salted drinks) if the person is vomiting or unconscious. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Call 911 or the local emergency number if:</p><ul><li>The person loses consciousness at any time.</li><li>There is any other change in the person's alertness (for example, confusion or seizures).</li><li>The person has a fever over 102°F (38.9°C).</li><li>Other symptoms of heatstroke are present (like rapid pulse or rapid breathing).</li><li>The person's condition does not improve, or worsens despite treatment. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>The first step in preventing heat illnesses is thinking ahead.</p><ul><li>Find out what the temperature will be for the whole day when you will be outdoors. </li><li>Think about how you have dealt with heat in the past.</li><li>Make sure you will have plenty of fluids to drink.</li><li>Find out if there is shade available where you are going.</li><li>Learn the early signs of heat illness.</li></ul><p>To help prevent heat illnesses:</p><ul><li>Wear loose-fitting, lightweight and light-colored clothing in hot weather.</li><li>Rest often and seek shade when possible.</li><li>Avoid exercise or heavy physical activity outdoors during hot or humid weather.</li><li>Drink plenty of fluids every day. Drink more fluids before, during, and after physical activity.</li><li>Be very careful to avoid overheating if you are taking medicines that impair heat regulation, or if you are overweight or an older person.</li><li>Be careful of hot cars in the summer. Allow the car to cool off before getting in.</li><li>
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NEVER leave a child sitting in a car exposed to the hot sun, even after opening windows.</li></ul><p>After recovering from exertional heat illness, check with your health care provider for advice before returning to heavy exertion. Begin exercise in a cool environment and slowly increase the degree of heat. Over several weeks, increase how long and how hard you exercise, as well as the amount of heat.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Heatstroke; Heat illness; Dehydration - heat emergency</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17211t.jpg" alt="Heat emergencies" title="Heat emergencies" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17211.htm">Heat emergencies</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Landry GL. Heat Injuries. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 710.</p><p>O'Brien KK, Leon LR, Kenefick RW, O'Connor FG. Clinical management of heat-related illnesses. In: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. <em>Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 13.</p><p>Platt MA, Price TG. Heat illness. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 129.</p><p>Prendergast HM, Erickson TB. Procedures pertaining to hypothermia and hyperthermia. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. <em>Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 65.</p><p>Sawka MN, O'Connor FG. Disorders due to heat and cold. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 95.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/2/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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