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<title>Health Data Standards and Terminologies: A Tutorial</title>
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role="button"
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data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
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aria-haspopup="true"
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aria-expanded="false">
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1: Functions and Types of Health Information Standards
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown-1">
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-100.html" aria-current="true">Intro</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-200.html">The Electronic Health Record (EHR)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-300.html">Interoperability</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-400.html">Health Data Standards</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="01-500.html">Module 1 Knowledge Check</a></li>
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href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="navbarDropdown-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
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2: Terminology Standards and Tools
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</a>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item active" href="02-100.html">Intro</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-200.html">What are Terminology Standards?</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-300.html">Characteristics of a Standardized Terminology</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-400.html">ASTP/ONC and USCDI</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="false" id="navbarDropdown-Term" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Overview of Terminologies</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown-Term">
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-500.html">Terminology Examples</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-510.html">SNOMED CT</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-520.html">RxNorm</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-530.html">LOINC</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-540.html">ICD</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-550.html">CPT</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-560.html">MeSH</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-570.html">UCUM</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="false" id="navbarDropdown-Tool" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Terminology Tools and Resources</a>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-600.html">NLM Examples</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-610.html">UMLS</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-630.html">DailyMed</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-640.html">VSAC</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-650.html">AccessGUDID</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-660.html">MedlinePlus Connect</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-670.html">NIH Common Data Element Repository (CDE-R)</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="02-700.html">Module 2 Knowledge Check</a></li>
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href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="navbarDropdown-3" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">
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3: Exchange Standards
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</a>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-100.html">Intro</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-300.html">Version 2 (V2)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item active" href="03-400.html">Version 3 (V3)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-500.html">Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-600.html">Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="03-700.html">Module 3 Knowledge Check</a></li>
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href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="navbarDropdown-4" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
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4: Working Together - Revisiting Organizational Interoperability
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown-3">
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-100.html">Intro</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="04-200.html">Implementation Guides</a></li>
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<div class="row">
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<strong>Health Data Standards and Terminologies</strong>
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<small class="text-muted">A Tutorial</small>
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<a href="https://learn.nlm.nih.gov/" id="anch_30" target="_blank">Learning Resources</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="index.html">Course Home</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-1">1: Functions and Types of Health Information Standards</a>
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<div id="collapse-item-1" class="collapse">
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-100.html">Intro</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-200.html">The Electronic Health Record (EHR)</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-300.html">Interoperability</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-400.html">Health Data Standards</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="01-500.html">Module 1 Knowledge Check</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-2">2: Terminology Standards and Tools</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-100.html">Intro</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-200.html">What are Terminology Standards?</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-300.html">Characteristics of a Standardized Terminology</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-400.html">ASTP/ONC and USCD</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="#collapse-item-Term" data-bs-toggle="collapse">Overview of Terminologies</a>
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<div id="collapse-item-Term" class="collapse">
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-500.html">Terminology Examples</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-510.html">SNOMED CT</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-520.html">RxNorm</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-530.html">LOINC</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-540.html">ICD</a>
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||
</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-550.html">CPT</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-560.html">MeSH</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-570.html">UCUM</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="#collapse-item-Tool" data-bs-toggle="collapse">Terminology Tools and Resources</a>
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<div id="collapse-item-Tool" class="collapse">
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-600.html">NLM Examples</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-610.html">UMLS</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-620.html">RxNav</a>
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||
</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-630.html">DailyMed</a>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-640.html">VSAC</a>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-650.html">AccessGUDID</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-660.html">MedlinePlus Connect</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="02-670.html">NIH Common Data Element Repository (CDE-R)</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</div>
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|
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="02-700.html">Module 2 Knowledge Check</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-3">3: Exchange Standards</a>
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<div id="collapse-item-3" class="collapse show">
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<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-100.html">Intro</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-200.html">HL7 International</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-300.html">Version 2 (V2)</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link active" href="03-400.html">Version 3 (V3)</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="03-500.html">Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="03-600.html">Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a class="nav-link" href="03-700.html">Module 3 Knowledge Check</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</div>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-item-4">4: Working Together - Revisiting Organizational Interoperability</a>
|
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<div id="collapse-item-4" class="collapse">
|
||
<ul class="nav flex-column ps-3">
|
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<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-100.html">Intro</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-200.html">Implementation Guides</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-300.html">Health Information Exchange (HIE)</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
|
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<a class="nav-link" href="04-400.html">Government Programs</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="05-000.html">Closing</a>
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<li style="height: auto; line-height: 0;"><hr></li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="06-000.html">Additional Resources</a>
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<a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#navModal">How to Navigate This Course</a>
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There are a variety of ways you can navigate this course. You can:</p>
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<!-- MAIN CONTENT - SINGLE COL -->
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<div class="col col-12">
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="item-1" class="row"><!-- Do not include class pt-3 on first section -->
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<div class="col-lg-12">
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<div class="px-2 mb-5 bg-default">
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<!-- Header -->
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<h2>3: Exchange Standards
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
|
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|
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<h3>Version 3 (V3)</h3>
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
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<div class="row">
|
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<div class="col-lg-12">
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<p>With <strong>Version 3 (V3)</strong>, HL7 attempted to make health system communications more interoperable by highly structuring and tightening the standards to avoid the conflicts that occur with extensive customization. V3 includes messaging standards (like V2) but also standards for documents, which had no standard until that point.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h4>Reference Information Model (RIM)</h4>
|
||
|
||
<p>V3 was based on a new, comprehensive <strong>Reference Information Model (RIM)</strong> for health information systems, categorizing health care into:</p>
|
||
|
||
<table class="table table-sm">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="col">Category</th>
|
||
<th scope="col">Example</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">
|
||
|
||
<img class="img-fluid" src="img/entity.png" alt="Entity icon" style="height: 125px" >
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td class="align-middle">Organization or person</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">
|
||
|
||
<img class="img-fluid" src="img/role.png" alt="role icon" style="height: 125px">
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td class="align-middle">Patient, doctor, or nurse</td>
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">
|
||
|
||
<img class="img-fluid" src="img/act.png" alt="act icon" style="height: 125px">
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td class="align-middle">Order or encounter</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="row">
|
||
|
||
<img class="img-fluid" src="img/participation.png" alt="participation icon" style="height: 125px">
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td class="align-middle">Author or reviewer</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p>Simplifying health information into functional categories was an important advancement in standards thinking, and we will see this again in FHIR.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h4>Use of XML</h4>
|
||
|
||
<p>V3 uses XML (eXtensible Markup Language), a simple encoding language that wraps each information element or object in a tag (like an HTML tag), such as:</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert alert-light" role="alert">
|
||
<samp><title>The title of the message.</title></samp>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>XML tags can be nested hierarchically, so that information can be structured to the level of granularity that is useful for the information system. For example, an entity such as a person assigned to a role might be represented as:</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert alert-light" role="alert">
|
||
<samp>
|
||
<assignedPerson><br>
|
||
<name><br>
|
||
<prefix>Dr.</prefix><br>
|
||
<given>Kofi</given><br>
|
||
<family>Ansah</family><br>
|
||
</name><br>
|
||
</assignedPerson><br>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</samp>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>The use of XML, a de facto standard for information structure in electronic files, was another attempt to make health data standards easier to implement.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h4>Limitations and Successes</h4>
|
||
|
||
<p>Due to the success of V2 coupled with V3’s complexity to implement, the entirety of V3 has not been widely adopted in the United States. However, its messaging had some success in Europe including the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Germany. V3’s RIM was an important conceptual tool. Also, the use of XML to structure information was a move toward aligning health data standards with common information structures in other fields.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>In clinical care, document standards are one of V3’s most important successes. The document standards developed with V3 using V3’s RIM proved highly useful and are broadly implemented.</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert alert-primary text-center" role="alert">
|
||
<strong>Next, we will look at the Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) standard that came from V3.</strong>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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