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<meta name="keywords" content="C5826341, finding, inflexible adherence to routines, inflexible adherence to routines or rituals, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A need to strictly adhere to repetitive routines or patterns of behavior which are created by the environment. One becomes upset or distressed when their routines are disrupted or altered." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=1853268
ConceptID=C5826341
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Inflexible adherence to routines</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1853268</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5826341</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Inflexible adherence to routines or rituals</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000732">HP:0000732</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A need to strictly adhere to repetitive routines or patterns of behavior which are created by the environment. One becomes upset or distressed when their routines are disrupted or altered. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Inflexible adherence to routines</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of mental function">Abnormality of mental function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1056192" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal affect">Abnormal affect</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1053648" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal volitional state">Abnormal volitional state</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853215" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormally increased volition">Abnormally increased volition</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5769" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Impulse control disorder">Impulse control disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841637" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Insistence on sameness">Insistence on sameness</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Inflexible adherence to routines</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_13966"><div><strong>Autism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>13966</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004352</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006).&#13; Levy et al. (2009) provided a general review of autism and autism spectrum disorder, including epidemiology, characteristics of the disorder, diagnosis, neurobiologic hypotheses for the etiology, genetics, and treatment options.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Autism&#13; Autism is considered to be a complex multifactorial disorder involving many genes. Accordingly, several loci have been identified, some or all of which may contribute to the phenotype. Included in this entry is AUTS1, which has been mapped to chromosome 7q22.&#13; Other susceptibility loci include AUTS3 (608049), which maps to chromosome 13q14; AUTS4 (608636), which maps to chromosome 15q11; AUTS6 (609378), which maps to chromosome 17q11; AUTS7 (610676), which maps to chromosome 17q21; AUTS8 (607373), which maps to chromosome 3q25-q27; AUTS9 (611015), which maps to chromosome 7q31; AUTS10 (611016), which maps to chromosome 7q36; AUTS11 (610836), which maps to chromosome 1q41; AUTS12 (610838), which maps to chromosome 21p13-q11; AUTS13 (610908), which maps to chromosome 12q14; AUTS14A (611913), which has been found in patients with a deletion of a region of 16p11.2; AUTS14B (614671), which has been found in patients with a duplication of a region of 16p11.2; AUTS15 (612100), associated with mutation in the CNTNAP2 gene (604569) on chromosome 7q35-q36; AUTS16 (613410), associated with mutation in the SLC9A9 gene (608396) on chromosome 3q24; AUTS17 (613436), associated with mutation in the SHANK2 gene (603290) on chromosome 11q13; AUTS18 (615032), associated with mutation in the CHD8 gene (610528) on chromosome 14q11; AUTS19 (615091), associated with mutation in the EIF4E gene (133440) on chromosome 4q23; and AUTS20 (618830), associated with mutation in the NLGN1 gene (600568) on chromosome 3q26. (NOTE: the symbol 'AUTS2' has been used to refer to a gene on chromosome 7q11 (KIAA0442; 607270) and therefore is not used as a part of this autism locus series.)&#13; There are several X-linked forms of autism susceptibility: AUTSX1 (300425), associated with mutations in the NLGN3 gene (300336); AUTSX2 (300495), associated with mutations in NLGN4 (300427); AUTSX3 (300496), associated with mutations in MECP2 (300005); AUTSX4 (300830), associated with variation in the region on chromosome Xp22.11 containing the PTCHD1 gene (300828); AUTSX5 (300847), associated with mutations in the RPL10 gene (312173); and AUTSX6 (300872), associated with mutation in the TMLHE gene (300777).&#13; A locus on chromosome 2q (606053) associated with a phenotype including intellectual disability and speech deficits was formerly designated AUTS5.&#13; Folstein and Rosen-Sheidley (2001) reviewed the genetics of autism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/13966">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_325218"><div><strong>Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325218</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Asperger syndrome is considered to be a form of childhood autism (see, e.g., 209850). The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) specifies several diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome, which has many of the same features as autism. In general, patients with Asperger syndrome and autism exhibit qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifest by impairment in the use of nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures, failure to develop appropriate peer relationships, and lack of social sharing or reciprocity. Patients also exhibit restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, including abnormal preoccupation with certain activities and inflexible adherence to routines or rituals. Asperger syndrome is primarily distinguished from autism by the higher cognitive abilities and a more normal and timely development of language and communicative phrases. Gillberg et al. (2001) described the development of the Asperger syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI), which they claimed has a strong validity in the diagnosis of the disorder.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Asperger Syndrome&#13; ASPG1 maps to chromosome 3q. Other autosomal loci include ASPG2 (608631) on chromosome 17p, ASPG3 (608781) on 1q21-q22, and ASPG4 (609954) on 3p24-p21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325218">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_332517"><div><strong>Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332517</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837697</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Asperger syndrome is considered to be a form of childhood autism (see, e.g., 209850). The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) specifies several diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome, which has many of the same features as autism. In general, patients with Asperger syndrome and autism exhibit qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifest by impairment in the use of nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures, failure to develop appropriate peer relationships, and lack of social sharing or reciprocity. Patients also exhibit restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, including abnormal preoccupation with certain activities and inflexible adherence to routines or rituals. Asperger syndrome is primarily distinguished from autism by the higher cognitive abilities and a more normal and timely development of language and communicative phrases. Gillberg et al. (2001) described the development of the Asperger syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI), which they claimed has a strong validity in the diagnosis of the disorder.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Asperger syndrome, see ASPG1 (608638).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332517">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334211"><div><strong>Autism, susceptibility to, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334211</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842632</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Impaired intellectual development coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which impaired intellectual development is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autism, see 209850.&#13; See also chromosome 13q14 deletion syndrome (613884), in which retinoblastoma and impaired intellectual development are features.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334211">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335161"><div><strong>Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335161</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of MECP2-related phenotypes in females ranges from classic Rett syndrome to variant Rett syndrome with a broader clinical phenotype (either milder or more severe than classic Rett syndrome) to mild learning disabilities; the spectrum in males ranges from severe neonatal encephalopathy to pyramidal signs, parkinsonism, and macroorchidism (PPM-X) syndrome to severe syndromic/nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Females: Classic Rett syndrome, a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting girls, is characterized by apparently normal psychomotor development during the first six to 18 months of life, followed by a short period of developmental stagnation, then rapid regression in language and motor skills, followed by long-term stability. During the phase of rapid regression, repetitive, stereotypic hand movements replace purposeful hand use. Additional findings include fits of screaming and inconsolable crying, autistic features, panic-like attacks, bruxism, episodic apnea and/or hyperpnea, gait ataxia and apraxia, tremors, seizures, and acquired microcephaly. Males: Severe neonatal-onset encephalopathy, the most common phenotype in affected males, is characterized by a relentless clinical course that follows a metabolic-degenerative type of pattern, abnormal tone, involuntary movements, severe seizures, and breathing abnormalities. Death often occurs before age two years.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335161">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336964"><div><strong>Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336964</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845539</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Impaired intellectual development coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which intellectual disability is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autism, see 209850.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336964">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335205"><div><strong>Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335205</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845540</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autism, see 209850.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335205">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_409897"><div><strong>Autism, susceptibility to, 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>409897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypical, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autism, see 209850.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/409897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_390767"><div><strong>15q11q13 microduplication syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>390767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2675336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Maternal 15q duplication syndrome (maternal dup15q) is characterized by hypotonia and motor delays, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy including infantile spasms. Rarely, maternal dup15q may also be associated with psychosis or sudden unexplained death. Those with a maternal isodicentric 15q11.2-q13.1 supernumerary chromosome are typically more severely affected than those with an interstitial duplication.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/390767">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862201"><div><strong>Intellectual disability-severe speech delay-mild dysmorphism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862201</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4013764</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FOXP1 syndrome is characterized by delays in early motor and language milestones, mild-to-severe intellectual deficits, speech and language impairment in all individuals regardless of level of cognitive abilities, and behavior abnormalities (including autism spectrum disorder or autistic features, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, sleep disturbances, and sensory symptoms). Other common findings are oromotor dysfunction (contributing to speech and feeding difficulties), refractive errors, strabismus, cardiac abnormalities, renal abnormalities, cryptorchidism, hypertonia, hearing loss, and epilepsy. To date, more than 200 individuals have been identified with FOXP1 syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862201">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1803486"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Pilorge type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1803486</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676881</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Pilorge type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSP) is characterized by global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, speech delay, and behavioral abnormalities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). More variable features include motor incoordination, seizures, and ocular abnormalities (summary by Marcogliese et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1803486">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_390767" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">15q11q13 microduplication syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_325218" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_332517" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_13966" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_334211" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism, susceptibility to, 3</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (11)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_409897" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism, susceptibility to, 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335205" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336964" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335161" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1803486" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Pilorge type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862201" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability-severe speech delay-mild dysmorphism syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22226293">A comparison of autism spectrum disorder DSM-IV criteria and associated features among African American and white children in Philadelphia County.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sell NK,
Giarelli E,
Blum N,
Hanlon AL,
Levy SE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Disabil Health J</span>
2012 Jan;5(1):9-17.
Epub 2011 Oct 29
doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2011.08.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22226293" target="_blank">22226293</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(inflexible%20adherence%20to%20routines)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36328964">Investigating the relationship between autistic traits and symptoms and Catatonia Spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Amatori G,
Massimetti G,
Nardi B,
Gravina D,
Benedetti F,
Bonelli C,
Luciano M,
Berardelli I,
Brondino N,
De Gregorio M,
Deste G,
Nola M,
Reitano A,
Muscatello MRA,
Pompili M,
Politi P,
Vita A,
Carmassi C,
Maj M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Psychiatry</span>
2022 Nov 4;65(1):e81.
doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2334.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36328964" target="_blank">36328964</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9724219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35234355">Differential effects of COVID-related lockdown on sleep-wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reynaud E,
Pottelette J,
Rabot J,
Rolling J,
Royant-Parola S,
Hartley S,
Coutelle R,
Schröder CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Autism Res</span>
2022 May;15(5):945-956.
Epub 2022 Mar 2
doi: 10.1002/aur.2692.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35234355" target="_blank">35234355</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9073973" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33866990">Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carpita B,
Cremone IM,
Amatori G,
Cappelli A,
Salerni A,
Massimetti G,
Borgioli D,
Carmassi C,
Massai R,
Dell'Osso L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2022 Oct;27(5):613-620.
Epub 2021 Apr 19
doi: 10.1017/S1092852921000420.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33866990" target="_blank">33866990</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29268154">Subthreshold autism spectrum disorder in patients with eating disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Carpita B,
Gesi C,
Cremone IM,
Corsi M,
Massimetti E,
Muti D,
Calderani E,
Castellini G,
Luciano M,
Ricca V,
Carmassi C,
Maj M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Compr Psychiatry</span>
2018 Feb;81:66-72.
Epub 2017 Nov 28
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29268154" target="_blank">29268154</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16083327">Autism spectrum disorders: emerging pharmacotherapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bostic JQ,
King BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Emerg Drugs</span>
2005 Aug;10(3):521-36.
doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.3.521.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16083327" target="_blank">16083327</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflexible%20adherence%20to%20routines%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38224059">Rumination and altered reactivity to sensory input as vulnerability factors for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults with autistic traits.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Amatori G,
Giovannoni F,
Massimetti E,
Cremone IM,
Carpita B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2024 Apr;29(2):119-125.
Epub 2024 Jan 15
doi: 10.1017/S1092852924000014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38224059" target="_blank">38224059</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36328964">Investigating the relationship between autistic traits and symptoms and Catatonia Spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Amatori G,
Massimetti G,
Nardi B,
Gravina D,
Benedetti F,
Bonelli C,
Luciano M,
Berardelli I,
Brondino N,
De Gregorio M,
Deste G,
Nola M,
Reitano A,
Muscatello MRA,
Pompili M,
Politi P,
Vita A,
Carmassi C,
Maj M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Psychiatry</span>
2022 Nov 4;65(1):e81.
doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2334.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36328964" target="_blank">36328964</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9724219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33866990">Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carpita B,
Cremone IM,
Amatori G,
Cappelli A,
Salerni A,
Massimetti G,
Borgioli D,
Carmassi C,
Massai R,
Dell'Osso L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2022 Oct;27(5):613-620.
Epub 2021 Apr 19
doi: 10.1017/S1092852921000420.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33866990" target="_blank">33866990</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29268154">Subthreshold autism spectrum disorder in patients with eating disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Carpita B,
Gesi C,
Cremone IM,
Corsi M,
Massimetti E,
Muti D,
Calderani E,
Castellini G,
Luciano M,
Ricca V,
Carmassi C,
Maj M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Compr Psychiatry</span>
2018 Feb;81:66-72.
Epub 2017 Nov 28
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29268154" target="_blank">29268154</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16083327">Autism spectrum disorders: emerging pharmacotherapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bostic JQ,
King BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Emerg Drugs</span>
2005 Aug;10(3):521-36.
doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.3.521.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16083327" target="_blank">16083327</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflexible%20adherence%20to%20routines%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16083327">Autism spectrum disorders: emerging pharmacotherapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bostic JQ,
King BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Emerg Drugs</span>
2005 Aug;10(3):521-36.
doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.3.521.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16083327" target="_blank">16083327</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflexible%20adherence%20to%20routines%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39726355">Exploring the relationship among hikikomori tendencies, autistic traits, computer game use and eating disorder symptoms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carpita B,
Nardi B,
Giovannoni F,
Parri F,
Cerofolini G,
Bonelli C,
Amatori G,
Massimetti G,
Cremone IM,
Pini S,
Pellecchia E,
Dell'Osso L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2024 Dec;29(6):670-681.
Epub 2024 Dec 27
doi: 10.1017/S1092852924002335.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39726355" target="_blank">39726355</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38224059">Rumination and altered reactivity to sensory input as vulnerability factors for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults with autistic traits.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Amatori G,
Giovannoni F,
Massimetti E,
Cremone IM,
Carpita B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2024 Apr;29(2):119-125.
Epub 2024 Jan 15
doi: 10.1017/S1092852924000014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38224059" target="_blank">38224059</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33866990">Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carpita B,
Cremone IM,
Amatori G,
Cappelli A,
Salerni A,
Massimetti G,
Borgioli D,
Carmassi C,
Massai R,
Dell'Osso L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2022 Oct;27(5):613-620.
Epub 2021 Apr 19
doi: 10.1017/S1092852921000420.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33866990" target="_blank">33866990</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1244944">Critical appraisal of domiciliary obstetric and neonatal practice.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cox CA,
Fox SS,
Zinkin PM,
Matthews AE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br Med J</span>
1976 Jan 10;1(6001):84-6.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6001.84.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38224059">Rumination and altered reactivity to sensory input as vulnerability factors for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults with autistic traits.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Amatori G,
Giovannoni F,
Massimetti E,
Cremone IM,
Carpita B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2024 Apr;29(2):119-125.
Epub 2024 Jan 15
doi: 10.1017/S1092852924000014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38224059" target="_blank">38224059</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36328964">Investigating the relationship between autistic traits and symptoms and Catatonia Spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Amatori G,
Massimetti G,
Nardi B,
Gravina D,
Benedetti F,
Bonelli C,
Luciano M,
Berardelli I,
Brondino N,
De Gregorio M,
Deste G,
Nola M,
Reitano A,
Muscatello MRA,
Pompili M,
Politi P,
Vita A,
Carmassi C,
Maj M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Psychiatry</span>
2022 Nov 4;65(1):e81.
doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2334.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36328964" target="_blank">36328964</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9724219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35234355">Differential effects of COVID-related lockdown on sleep-wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reynaud E,
Pottelette J,
Rabot J,
Rolling J,
Royant-Parola S,
Hartley S,
Coutelle R,
Schröder CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Autism Res</span>
2022 May;15(5):945-956.
Epub 2022 Mar 2
doi: 10.1002/aur.2692.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35234355" target="_blank">35234355</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9073973" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33866990">Investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and autistic traits in a university population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carpita B,
Cremone IM,
Amatori G,
Cappelli A,
Salerni A,
Massimetti G,
Borgioli D,
Carmassi C,
Massai R,
Dell'Osso L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2022 Oct;27(5):613-620.
Epub 2021 Apr 19
doi: 10.1017/S1092852921000420.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33866990" target="_blank">33866990</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29268154">Subthreshold autism spectrum disorder in patients with eating disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dell'Osso L,
Carpita B,
Gesi C,
Cremone IM,
Corsi M,
Massimetti E,
Muti D,
Calderani E,
Castellini G,
Luciano M,
Ricca V,
Carmassi C,
Maj M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Compr Psychiatry</span>
2018 Feb;81:66-72.
Epub 2017 Nov 28
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29268154" target="_blank">29268154</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflexible%20adherence%20to%20routines%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
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