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2025-03-17 02:05:34 +00:00

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<meta name="keywords" content="C5193049, disease or syndrome, nedcpmd, neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction, nfasc, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction (NEDCPMD) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. At the severe end of the spectrum, patients may have hypotonia apparent from birth, necessitating mechanical respiration and tube-feeding, and global developmental delay with absence of reaction to touch and no eye contact. At the mild end of the spectrum, patients may present with infantile-onset progressive ataxia and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. The disorder is caused by mutation in the NFASC gene, which has several neuronal- and glial-specific transcripts. The variable clinical phenotype may be caused by several factors, including the severity of the mutation, the selective involvement of distinct isoforms by pathogenic variants, and the presence of genetic modifiers (summary by Monfrini et al., 2019)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=1674767
ConceptID=C5193049
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction<span class="h1sub">(NEDCPMD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1674767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5193049</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>NEDCPMD; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL MOTOR DYSFUNCTION</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="NFASC - ID: 23114 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/23114" class="medgenPMinfo">NFASC</a> (1q32.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0032698" target="_blank">MONDO:0032698</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/618356" target="_blank">618356</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction (NEDCPMD) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. At the severe end of the spectrum, patients may have hypotonia apparent from birth, necessitating mechanical respiration and tube-feeding, and global developmental delay with absence of reaction to touch and no eye contact. At the mild end of the spectrum, patients may present with infantile-onset progressive ataxia and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. The disorder is caused by mutation in the NFASC gene, which has several neuronal- and glial-specific transcripts. The variable clinical phenotype may be caused by several factors, including the severity of the mutation, the selective involvement of distinct isoforms by pathogenic variants, and the presence of genetic modifiers (summary by Monfrini et al., 2019). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_746019"><div><strong>Failure to thrive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>746019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2315100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/746019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Failure%20to%20thrive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20746019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1375"><div><strong>Aggressive behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1375</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aggressive%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201375%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1613"><div><strong>Anxiety</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003467</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anxiety%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8510"><div><strong>Dysarthria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8510</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8510">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysarthria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208510%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10234"><div><strong>Myoclonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027066</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10234">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myoclonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010234%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19708"><div><strong>Babinski sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0034935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Babinski%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68583"><div><strong>Dysmetria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234162</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68583">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysmetria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068583%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115975"><div><strong>Dysdiadochokinesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115975</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234979</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115975">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysdiadochokinesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115975%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66034"><div><strong>Delayed ability to walk</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20walk%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195967"><div><strong>Hyporeflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195967</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0700078</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195967">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyporeflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195967%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347509"><div><strong>Decreased nerve conduction velocity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347509</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857640</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in the speed at which electrical signals propagate along the axon of a neuron.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347509">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20nerve%20conduction%20velocity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347509%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1642960"><div><strong>Intention tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551520</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of kinetic tremor that occurs during target directed movement is called intention tremor. That is, an oscillatory cerebellar ataxia that tends to be absent when the limbs are inactive and during the first part of voluntary movement but worsening as the movement continues and greater precision is required (e.g., in touching a target such as the patient's nose or a physician's finger).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642960">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intention%20tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201642960%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10132"><div><strong>Hypertonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10132</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026826</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10132">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010132%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326950"><div><strong>11 pairs of ribs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326950</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839731</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Presence of only 11 pairs of ribs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326950">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%2211%20pairs%20of%20ribs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326950%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_334982"><div><strong>Hyperextensibility of the finger joints</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844577</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The ability of the finger joints to move beyond their normal range of motion.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334982">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperextensibility%20of%20the%20finger%20joints%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20334982%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347886"><div><strong>Small anterior fontanelle</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347886</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859455</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally decreased size of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347886">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Small%20anterior%20fontanelle%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347886%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11197"><div><strong>Respiratory insufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11197</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035229</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11197">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20insufficiency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011197%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78573"><div><strong>Congenital laryngeal stridor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78573</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265763</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78573">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congenital%20laryngeal%20stridor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078573%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_812812"><div><strong>Recurrent respiratory infections</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>812812</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3806482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/812812">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Recurrent%20respiratory%20infections%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20812812%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_924182"><div><strong>Neonatal respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>924182</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4281993</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory difficulty as newborn.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/924182">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neonatal%20respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20924182%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78623"><div><strong>Glossoptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78623</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0267048</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior displacement of the tongue into the pharynx, i.e., a tongue that is mislocalised posteriorly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78623">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Glossoptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078623%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341441"><div><strong>Wide nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341441</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849367</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341441">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341441%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343051"><div><strong>Prominent nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343051</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854113</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Anterior positioning of the nasal root in comparison to the usual positioning for age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343051">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343051%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_756015"><div><strong>Cleft palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>756015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2981150</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/756015">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20756015%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68618"><div><strong>Decreased fetal movement</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68618</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235659</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal reduction in quantity or strength of fetal movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68618">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20fetal%20movement%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068618%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_756015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78623" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glossoptosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343051" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent nasal bridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341441" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide nasal bridge</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68618" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased fetal movement</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326950" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">11 pairs of ribs</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_334982" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperextensibility of the finger joints</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10132" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347886" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Small anterior fontanelle</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1375" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aggressive behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anxiety</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Babinski sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347509" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased nerve conduction velocity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to walk</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8510" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysarthria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115975" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysdiadochokinesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68583" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysmetria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195967" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyporeflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1642960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intention tremor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10234" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78573" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital laryngeal stridor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_924182" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_812812" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Recurrent respiratory infections</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11197" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory insufficiency</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_746019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Failure to thrive</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36768582">Neuromuscular and Neuromuscular Junction Manifestations of the PURA-NDD: A Systematic Review of the Reported Symptoms and Potential Treatment Options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mroczek M,
Iyadurai S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 Jan 23;24(3)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24032260.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36768582" target="_blank">36768582</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9917016" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29560583">Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: clinical, neurophysiological, and quantitative brain structural outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amador MDM,
Masingue M,
Debs R,
Lamari F,
Perlbarg V,
Roze E,
Degos B,
Mochel F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2018 Sep;41(5):799-807.
Epub 2018 Mar 20
doi: 10.1007/s10545-018-0162-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29560583" target="_blank">29560583</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4317331">Management of hyperfunction of the facial nerve.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCabe BF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol</span>
1970 Apr;79(2):252-8.
doi: 10.1177/000348947007900205.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4317331" target="_blank">4317331</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38703861">Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frye RE,
Rincon N,
McCarty PJ,
Brister D,
Scheck AC,
Rossignol DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Jul;197:106520.
Epub 2024 May 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38703861" target="_blank">38703861</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37385287">Rare variants in the MECP2 gene in girls with central precocious puberty: a translational cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Canton APM,
Tinano FR,
Guasti L,
Montenegro LR,
Ryan F,
Shears D,
de Melo ME,
Gomes LG,
Piana MP,
Brauner R,
Espino-Aguilar R,
Escribano-Muñoz A,
Paganoni A,
Read JE,
Korbonits M,
Seraphim CE,
Costa SS,
Krepischi AC,
Jorge AAL,
David A,
Kaisinger LR,
Ong KK,
Perry JRB,
Abreu AP,
Kaiser UB,
Argente J,
Mendonca BB,
Brito VN,
Howard SR,
Latronico AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2023 Aug;11(8):545-554.
Epub 2023 Jun 26
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00131-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37385287" target="_blank">37385287</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7615084" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34667088">SOX10: 20 years of phenotypic plurality and current understanding of its developmental function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pingault V,
Zerad L,
Bertani-Torres W,
Bondurand N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Feb;59(2):105-114.
Epub 2021 Oct 19
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108105.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34667088" target="_blank">34667088</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8788258" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30987942">Long-term effects of neonatal pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Walker SM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
2019 Aug;24(4):101005.
Epub 2019 Apr 5
doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2019.04.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30987942" target="_blank">30987942</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6866603">Childhood migraine and motion sickness.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barabas G,
Matthews WS,
Ferrari M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
1983 Aug;72(2):188-90.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6866603" target="_blank">6866603</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (65)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38703861">Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frye RE,
Rincon N,
McCarty PJ,
Brister D,
Scheck AC,
Rossignol DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Jul;197:106520.
Epub 2024 May 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38703861" target="_blank">38703861</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37008994">Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lenka A,
Jankovic J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)</span>
2023;13:8.
Epub 2023 Mar 28
doi: 10.5334/tohm.758.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37008994" target="_blank">37008994</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10064913" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34667088">SOX10: 20 years of phenotypic plurality and current understanding of its developmental function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pingault V,
Zerad L,
Bertani-Torres W,
Bondurand N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Feb;59(2):105-114.
Epub 2021 Oct 19
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108105.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34667088" target="_blank">34667088</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8788258" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30144585">Nonleaking cystoid macular edema in Cohen syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beck KD,
Wong RW,
Gibson JB,
Harper CA 3rd</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J AAPOS</span>
2019 Feb;23(1):38-39.e1.
Epub 2018 Aug 23
doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.05.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30144585" target="_blank">30144585</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4301976">Neuro-ophthalmology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knox DL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Ophthalmol</span>
1968 Dec;80(6):791-807.
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1968.00980050793021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4301976" target="_blank">4301976</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (96)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35693824">Profiles of Proinflammatory Cytokines and T Cells in Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Wang X,
Yang H,
Li Y,
Gui J,
Cui Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2022;13:843247.
Epub 2022 May 26
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843247.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35693824" target="_blank">35693824</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9177955" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33333772">Palmitoylethanolamide: A Nutritional Approach to Keep Neuroinflammation within Physiological Boundaries-A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Petrosino S,
Schiano Moriello A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2020 Dec 15;21(24)
doi: 10.3390/ijms21249526.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33333772" target="_blank">33333772</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7765232" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30924845">Reading with letter transpositions in central and peripheral vision.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiong YZ,
Qiao C,
Legge GE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Vis</span>
2019 Mar 1;19(3):17.
doi: 10.1167/19.3.17.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30924845" target="_blank">30924845</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6440549" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28838622">Defining Hand Stereotypies in Rett Syndrome: A Movement Disorders Perspective.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dy ME,
Waugh JL,
Sharma N,
O'Leary H,
Kapur K,
D'Gama AM,
Sahin M,
Urion DK,
Kaufmann WE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2017 Oct;75:91-95.
Epub 2017 Jun 2
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.05.025.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28838622" target="_blank">28838622</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5624791" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4304824">Neuropathology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaufman MA,
Roizin L,
Gold G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prog Neurol Psychiatry</span>
1968;23:110-33.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4304824" target="_blank">4304824</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (37)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38703861">Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frye RE,
Rincon N,
McCarty PJ,
Brister D,
Scheck AC,
Rossignol DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Jul;197:106520.
Epub 2024 May 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38703861" target="_blank">38703861</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37008994">Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lenka A,
Jankovic J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)</span>
2023;13:8.
Epub 2023 Mar 28
doi: 10.5334/tohm.758.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37008994" target="_blank">37008994</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10064913" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33973235">Fetal movements: the origin of human behaviour.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Einspieler C,
Prayer D,
Marschik PB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2021 Oct;63(10):1142-1148.
Epub 2021 May 10
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14918.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33973235" target="_blank">33973235</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33811806">Haploinsufficiency of the Sin3/HDAC corepressor complex member SIN3B causes a syndromic intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Latypova X,
Vincent M,
Mollé A,
Adebambo OA,
Fourgeux C,
Khan TN,
Caro A,
Rosello M,
Orellana C,
Niyazov D,
Lederer D,
Deprez M,
Capri Y,
Kannu P,
Tabet AC,
Levy J,
Aten E,
den Hollander N,
Splitt M,
Walia J,
Immken LL,
Stankiewicz P,
McWalter K,
Suchy S,
Louie RJ,
Bell S,
Stevenson RE,
Rousseau J,
Willem C,
Retiere C,
Yang XJ,
Campeau PM,
Martinez F,
Rosenfeld JA,
Le Caignec C,
Küry S,
Mercier S,
Moradkhani K,
Conrad S,
Besnard T,
Cogné B,
Katsanis N,
Bézieau S,
Poschmann J,
Davis EE,
Isidor B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2021 May 6;108(5):929-941.
Epub 2021 Apr 2
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33811806" target="_blank">33811806</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8206166" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29283439">Homozygous boricua TBCK mutation causes neurodegeneration and aberrant autophagy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ortiz-González XR,
Tintos-Hernández JA,
Keller K,
Li X,
Foley AR,
Bharucha-Goebel DX,
Kessler SK,
Yum SW,
Crino PB,
He M,
Wallace DC,
Bönnemann CG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Neurol</span>
2018 Jan;83(1):153-165.
doi: 10.1002/ana.25130.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29283439" target="_blank">29283439</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5876123" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (30)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38703861">Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frye RE,
Rincon N,
McCarty PJ,
Brister D,
Scheck AC,
Rossignol DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Jul;197:106520.
Epub 2024 May 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38703861" target="_blank">38703861</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35144049">Evidence of graphomotor dysfunction in children with dyslexia: A combined behavioural and fMRI experiment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gosse C,
Dricot L,
Van Reybroeck M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cortex</span>
2022 Mar;148:68-88.
Epub 2022 Jan 22
doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35144049" target="_blank">35144049</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34667088">SOX10: 20 years of phenotypic plurality and current understanding of its developmental function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pingault V,
Zerad L,
Bertani-Torres W,
Bondurand N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Feb;59(2):105-114.
Epub 2021 Oct 19
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108105.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34667088" target="_blank">34667088</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8788258" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33973235">Fetal movements: the origin of human behaviour.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Einspieler C,
Prayer D,
Marschik PB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2021 Oct;63(10):1142-1148.
Epub 2021 May 10
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14918.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33973235" target="_blank">33973235</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33832678">Reading and alexia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Starrfelt R,
Woodhead Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2021;178:213-232.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00010-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33832678" target="_blank">33832678</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (63)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38703861">Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frye RE,
Rincon N,
McCarty PJ,
Brister D,
Scheck AC,
Rossignol DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Jul;197:106520.
Epub 2024 May 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38703861" target="_blank">38703861</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36768582">Neuromuscular and Neuromuscular Junction Manifestations of the PURA-NDD: A Systematic Review of the Reported Symptoms and Potential Treatment Options.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mroczek M,
Iyadurai S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 Jan 23;24(3)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24032260.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36768582" target="_blank">36768582</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9917016" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35693824">Profiles of Proinflammatory Cytokines and T Cells in Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Wang X,
Yang H,
Li Y,
Gui J,
Cui Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2022;13:843247.
Epub 2022 May 26
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843247.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35693824" target="_blank">35693824</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9177955" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33333772">Palmitoylethanolamide: A Nutritional Approach to Keep Neuroinflammation within Physiological Boundaries-A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Petrosino S,
Schiano Moriello A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2020 Dec 15;21(24)
doi: 10.3390/ijms21249526.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33333772" target="_blank">33333772</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7765232" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30578451">Evaluating Spelling in Glioma Patients Undergoing Awake Surgery: a Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Ierschot F,
Bastiaanse R,
Miceli G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropsychol Rev</span>
2018 Dec;28(4):470-495.
Epub 2018 Dec 21
doi: 10.1007/s11065-018-9391-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30578451" target="_blank">30578451</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5193049%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20central%20and%20peripheral%20motor%20dysfunction%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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