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<meta name="keywords" content="C4310711, alpha-b crystalin-related fatal infantile hypertonic myofibrillar myopathy, disease or syndrome, ky, ky myofibrillar myopathy (disease), mfm7, myofibrillar myopathy (disease) caused by mutation in ky, myofibrillar myopathy 7, myopathy, myofibrillar, 7, myopathy, myofibrillar, type 7, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Myofibrillar myopathy-7 (MFM7) is an autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by early childhood onset of slowly progressive muscle weakness that primarily affects the lower limbs and is associated with joint contractures (summary by Straussberg et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of myofibrillar myopathy, see MFM1 (601419)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=934678
ConceptID=C4310711
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Myofibrillar myopathy 7<span class="h1sub">(MFM7)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934678</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4310711</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>MFM7; MYOPATHY, MYOFIBRILLAR, 7</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="KY - ID: 339855 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/339855" class="medgenPMinfo">KY</a> (3q22.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0014922" target="_blank">MONDO:0014922</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/617114" target="_blank">617114</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Myofibrillar myopathy-7 (MFM7) is an autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by early childhood onset of slowly progressive muscle weakness that primarily affects the lower limbs and is associated with joint contractures (summary by Straussberg et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of myofibrillar myopathy, see MFM1 (601419). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41977"><div><strong>Bowel incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41977</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015732</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Involuntary fecal soiling in adults and children who have usually already been toilet trained.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41977">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bowel%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041977%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22579"><div><strong>Urinary incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68541"><div><strong>Myalgia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68541</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231528</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pain in muscle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68541">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myalgia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068541%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_124355"><div><strong>Nocturnal enuresis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124355</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0270327</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nocturnal enuresis, or nightly bedwetting in children more than 7 years of age, affects about 10% of 7-year-old children, with a wide range of frequencies between populations. The affliction is often linked to major social maladjustments and occupies considerable time in general medical practice. From the age of 7, there is a spontaneous cure rate of 15% per year, such that few remain affected after the age of 16 years. There are 2 types of nocturnal enuresis: type I, the primary form (PNE), with at least 3 nightly episodes in children older than 7 years, where the child has always had the disorder, and type II, or secondary type, where the child has been dry for at least 6 months but enuresis has recurred (summary by Eiberg et al., 1995).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Nocturnal Enuresis&#13; ENUR1 has been mapped to chromosome 13q, and ENUR2 has been mapped to chromosome 12q.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/124355">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nocturnal%20enuresis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20124355%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3130"><div><strong>Clubfoot</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3130</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3130">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clubfoot%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203130%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_675590"><div><strong>Pes cavus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>675590</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0728829</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/675590">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pes%20cavus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20675590%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_356163"><div><strong>Foot dorsiflexor weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356163</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866141</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356163">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Foot%20dorsiflexor%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20356163%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41440"><div><strong>Dysphagia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41440</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011168</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Difficulty in swallowing.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41440">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysphagia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041440%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_14048"><div><strong>Atypical behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>14048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004941</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/14048">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atypical%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2014048%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107895"><div><strong>Gait disturbance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107895</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0575081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107895">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gait%20disturbance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107895%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195967"><div><strong>Hyporeflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195967</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0700078</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195967">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyporeflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195967%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57735"><div><strong>Muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151786</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced strength of muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57735">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057735%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57633"><div><strong>Multiple joint contractures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57633</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158118</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Acquired Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Multiple%20joint%20contractures%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057633%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83069"><div><strong>Flexion contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83069</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0333068</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83069">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083069%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87660"><div><strong>Facial palsy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87660</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0376175</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial nerve palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side with weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. This can either be present in unilateral or bilateral form.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87660">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Facial%20palsy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087660%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_592333"><div><strong>Shoulder flexion contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>592333</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0409336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Acquired Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic reduction in active and passive mobility of the shoulder joint due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Shoulder%20flexion%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20592333%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98367"><div><strong>Elbow flexion contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0409338</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Acquired Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elbow contracture that limits the ability of the elbow joint to be extended (straightened), meaning that the elbow is fixed in an flexed (bent) position.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elbow%20flexion%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098367%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98052"><div><strong>Achilles tendon contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410264</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A contracture of the Achilles tendon.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98052">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Achilles%20tendon%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098052%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892680"><div><strong>Muscular atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0541794</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscular%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_263148"><div><strong>Thoracic kyphosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>263148</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1184919</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Over curvature of the thoracic region, leading to a round back or if sever to a hump.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/263148">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thoracic%20kyphosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20263148%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_263149"><div><strong>Lumbar hyperlordosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>263149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1184923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/263149">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lumbar%20hyperlordosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20263149%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336019"><div><strong>Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843700</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally high degree of muscle fiber size variation. This phenotypic feature can be observed upon muscle biopsy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20variability%20in%20muscle%20fiber%20diameter%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346721"><div><strong>Spinal rigidity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346721</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858025</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced ability to move the vertebral column with a resulting limitation of neck and trunk flexion.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346721">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spinal%20rigidity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346721%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_478817"><div><strong>Type 2 muscle fiber predominance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>478817</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3277187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal predominance of type II muscle fibers (in general, this feature can only be observed on muscle biopsy).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/478817">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Type%202%20muscle%20fiber%20predominance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20478817%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480908"><div><strong>Z-band streaming</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480908</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279278</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Streaming or smearing of the Z band, which is then no longer confined to a narrow zone which bisects the I band. The Z disk may extend across the I band or the entire sarcomere in a zigzag manner. Focal thickening, smudging, and blurring of the Z band takes place concurrently. Myofibrillar disorganization is a frequent but not invariable accompanying change.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480908">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Z-band%20streaming%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480908%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_766282"><div><strong>Limited hip extension</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766282</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553368</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Limitation of the extension of the hip, i.e., decreased ability to straighten the hip joint and thereby increase the angle between torso and thigh; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis backward.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766282">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Limited%20hip%20extension%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20766282%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_814369"><div><strong>Nemaline bodies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>814369</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3808039</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nemaline rods are abnormal bodies that can occur in skeletal muscle fibers. The rods can be observed on histological analysis of muscle biopsy tissue or upon electron microscopy, where they appear either as extensions of sarcomeric Z-lines, in random array without obvious attachment to Z-lines (often in areas devoid of sarcomeres) or in large clusters localized at the sarcolemma or intermyofibrillar spaces.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/814369">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nemaline%20bodies%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20814369%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1716989"><div><strong>Increased Z-disc width</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1716989</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5397994</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased width of the Z-disk of the sarcomere, resulting from splitting or opening of the Z-disc (c.f., Figure 2 of PMID:28732005).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1716989">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20Z-disc%20width%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201716989%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69128"><div><strong>Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69128</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69128">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20creatine%20kinase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069128%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1377250"><div><strong>Increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1377250</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4477095</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevated level of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the blood circulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1377250">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20lactate%20dehydrogenase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201377250%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66828"><div><strong>Tongue atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66828</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241423</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Wasting of the tongue.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66828">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tongue%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066828%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66828" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tongue atrophy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3130" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clubfoot</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_356163" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Foot dorsiflexor weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_675590" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pes cavus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69128" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1377250" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41440" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysphagia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_124355" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nocturnal enuresis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Achilles tendon contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elbow flexion contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87660" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Facial palsy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83069" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flexion contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1716989" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased Z-disc width</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_766282" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Limited hip extension</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_263149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lumbar hyperlordosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57633" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple joint contractures</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_814369" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nemaline bodies</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_592333" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Shoulder flexion contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346721" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinal rigidity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_263148" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thoracic kyphosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_478817" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Type 2 muscle fiber predominance</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480908" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Z-band streaming</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_14048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atypical behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107895" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gait disturbance</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195967" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyporeflexia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41977" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bowel incontinence</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68541" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myalgia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary incontinence</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39973468">Mutational and clinical spectrum of myofibrillar myopathy in one center from China.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang Q,
Sun P,
Yu M,
Xie Z,
Yu J,
Liu X,
Hong D,
Lv H,
Deng J,
Yuan Y,
Wang Z,
Zhang W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuromuscul Dis</span>
2024 Nov;11(6):1247-1259.
Epub 2024 Dec 8
doi: 10.1177/22143602241289220.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39973468" target="_blank">39973468</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39239540">Common and Key Differential Pathogenic Pathways in Desminopathy and Titinopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Q,
Xu L,
Duan H,
Yang H,
Luo YB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Med Sci</span>
2024;21(11):2040-2051.
Epub 2024 Aug 1
doi: 10.7150/ijms.97797.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39239540" target="_blank">39239540</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11373559" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39102614">Clinical, Histopathologic, and Genetic Features of Patients With Myofibrillary and Distal Myopathies: Experience From the Italian Network.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bortolani S,
Savarese M,
Vattemi G,
Bonanno S,
Falzone YM,
Pugliese A,
Primiano G,
Sancricca C,
Lopergolo D,
Greco G,
Gemelli C,
Ravaglia S,
Bencivenga RP,
Velardo D,
Magri F,
Valentino ML,
Cheli M,
Torchia E,
Lucchini M,
Petrucci A,
Ricci G,
Garibaldi M,
Astrea G,
Rubegni A,
Angelini CI,
Ariatti A,
Santorelli FM,
Ruggieri A,
Antonini G,
Siciliano G,
Filosto M,
Mirabella M,
Liguori R,
Comi GP,
Ruggiero L,
Grandis M,
Massa R,
Malandrini A,
Servidei S,
Mongini TE,
Rodolico C,
Toscano A,
Previtali SC,
Tonin P,
Diaz-Manera J,
Monforte M,
Ricci E,
Maggi L,
Tasca G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2024 Aug 27;103(4):e209697.
Epub 2024 Aug 5
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209697.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39102614" target="_blank">39102614</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33367878">Polymyositis: is there anything left? A retrospective diagnostic review from a tertiary myositis centre.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Loarce-Martos J,
Lilleker JB,
Parker M,
McHugh N,
Chinoy H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatology (Oxford)</span>
2021 Jul 1;60(7):3398-3403.
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa801.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33367878" target="_blank">33367878</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29924655">Genetic Mutations and Demographic, Clinical, and Morphological Aspects of Myofibrillar Myopathy in a French Cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carvalho AAS,
Lacene E,
Brochier G,
Labasse C,
Madelaine A,
Silva VGD,
Corazzini R,
Papadopoulos K,
Behin A,
Laforêt P,
Stojkovic T,
Eymard B,
Fardeau M,
Romero N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Test Mol Biomarkers</span>
2018 Jun;22(6):374-383.
doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29924655" target="_blank">29924655</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myofibrillar%20myopathy%207%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39973468">Mutational and clinical spectrum of myofibrillar myopathy in one center from China.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang Q,
Sun P,
Yu M,
Xie Z,
Yu J,
Liu X,
Hong D,
Lv H,
Deng J,
Yuan Y,
Wang Z,
Zhang W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuromuscul Dis</span>
2024 Nov;11(6):1247-1259.
Epub 2024 Dec 8
doi: 10.1177/22143602241289220.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39973468" target="_blank">39973468</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39102614">Clinical, Histopathologic, and Genetic Features of Patients With Myofibrillary and Distal Myopathies: Experience From the Italian Network.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bortolani S,
Savarese M,
Vattemi G,
Bonanno S,
Falzone YM,
Pugliese A,
Primiano G,
Sancricca C,
Lopergolo D,
Greco G,
Gemelli C,
Ravaglia S,
Bencivenga RP,
Velardo D,
Magri F,
Valentino ML,
Cheli M,
Torchia E,
Lucchini M,
Petrucci A,
Ricci G,
Garibaldi M,
Astrea G,
Rubegni A,
Angelini CI,
Ariatti A,
Santorelli FM,
Ruggieri A,
Antonini G,
Siciliano G,
Filosto M,
Mirabella M,
Liguori R,
Comi GP,
Ruggiero L,
Grandis M,
Massa R,
Malandrini A,
Servidei S,
Mongini TE,
Rodolico C,
Toscano A,
Previtali SC,
Tonin P,
Diaz-Manera J,
Monforte M,
Ricci E,
Maggi L,
Tasca G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2024 Aug 27;103(4):e209697.
Epub 2024 Aug 5
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209697.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39102614" target="_blank">39102614</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33367878">Polymyositis: is there anything left? A retrospective diagnostic review from a tertiary myositis centre.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Loarce-Martos J,
Lilleker JB,
Parker M,
McHugh N,
Chinoy H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatology (Oxford)</span>
2021 Jul 1;60(7):3398-3403.
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa801.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33367878" target="_blank">33367878</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29924655">Genetic Mutations and Demographic, Clinical, and Morphological Aspects of Myofibrillar Myopathy in a French Cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carvalho AAS,
Lacene E,
Brochier G,
Labasse C,
Madelaine A,
Silva VGD,
Corazzini R,
Papadopoulos K,
Behin A,
Laforêt P,
Stojkovic T,
Eymard B,
Fardeau M,
Romero N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Test Mol Biomarkers</span>
2018 Jun;22(6):374-383.
doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29924655" target="_blank">29924655</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22395865">Autosomal dominant myofibrillar myopathy with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 7 is caused by a DES mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hedberg C,
Melberg A,
Kuhl A,
Jenne D,
Oldfors A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2012 Sep;20(9):984-5.
Epub 2012 Mar 7
doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.39.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22395865" target="_blank">22395865</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3421124" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myofibrillar%20myopathy%207%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33367878">Polymyositis: is there anything left? A retrospective diagnostic review from a tertiary myositis centre.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Loarce-Martos J,
Lilleker JB,
Parker M,
McHugh N,
Chinoy H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatology (Oxford)</span>
2021 Jul 1;60(7):3398-3403.
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa801.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33367878" target="_blank">33367878</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myofibrillar%20myopathy%207%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39102614">Clinical, Histopathologic, and Genetic Features of Patients With Myofibrillary and Distal Myopathies: Experience From the Italian Network.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bortolani S,
Savarese M,
Vattemi G,
Bonanno S,
Falzone YM,
Pugliese A,
Primiano G,
Sancricca C,
Lopergolo D,
Greco G,
Gemelli C,
Ravaglia S,
Bencivenga RP,
Velardo D,
Magri F,
Valentino ML,
Cheli M,
Torchia E,
Lucchini M,
Petrucci A,
Ricci G,
Garibaldi M,
Astrea G,
Rubegni A,
Angelini CI,
Ariatti A,
Santorelli FM,
Ruggieri A,
Antonini G,
Siciliano G,
Filosto M,
Mirabella M,
Liguori R,
Comi GP,
Ruggiero L,
Grandis M,
Massa R,
Malandrini A,
Servidei S,
Mongini TE,
Rodolico C,
Toscano A,
Previtali SC,
Tonin P,
Diaz-Manera J,
Monforte M,
Ricci E,
Maggi L,
Tasca G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2024 Aug 27;103(4):e209697.
Epub 2024 Aug 5
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209697.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39102614" target="_blank">39102614</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32005492">Myopathies presenting with head drop: Clinical spectrum and treatment outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alhammad RM,
Naddaf E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
2020 Feb;30(2):128-136.
Epub 2019 Dec 12
doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.12.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32005492" target="_blank">32005492</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31215171">A novel homozygous initiation codon variant associated with infantile alpha-Bcrystallinopathy in a Chinese family.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ma K,
Luo D,
Tian T,
Li N,
He X,
Rao C,
Zhong B,
Lu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2019 Aug;7(8):e825.
Epub 2019 Jun 18
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.825.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31215171" target="_blank">31215171</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6687638" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31024060">Recessive DES cardio/myopathy without myofibrillar aggregates: intronic splice variant silences one allele leaving only missense L190P-desmin.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riley LG,
Waddell LB,
Ghaoui R,
Evesson FJ,
Cummings BB,
Bryen SJ,
Joshi H,
Wang MX,
Brammah S,
Kritharides L,
Corbett A,
MacArthur DG,
Cooper ST</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2019 Aug;27(8):1267-1273.
Epub 2019 Apr 25
doi: 10.1038/s41431-019-0393-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31024060" target="_blank">31024060</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6777463" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26828629">Myofibrillar Myopathy Presenting as Neonatal Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: An Extremely Rare Entity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jain P,
Rajeshwari SM,
Singh J,
Kumar T,
Agarwal SP,
Das P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fetal Pediatr Pathol</span>
2016;35(2):124-8.
Epub 2016 Jan 30
doi: 10.3109/15513815.2015.1131783.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26828629" target="_blank">26828629</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myofibrillar%20myopathy%207%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39973468">Mutational and clinical spectrum of myofibrillar myopathy in one center from China.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang Q,
Sun P,
Yu M,
Xie Z,
Yu J,
Liu X,
Hong D,
Lv H,
Deng J,
Yuan Y,
Wang Z,
Zhang W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuromuscul Dis</span>
2024 Nov;11(6):1247-1259.
Epub 2024 Dec 8
doi: 10.1177/22143602241289220.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39973468" target="_blank">39973468</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38167524">Critical contribution of mitochondria in the development of cardiomyopathy linked to desmin mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hovhannisyan Y,
Li Z,
Callon D,
Suspène R,
Batoumeni V,
Canette A,
Blanc J,
Hocini H,
Lefebvre C,
El-Jahrani N,
Kitsara M,
L'honoré A,
Kordeli E,
Fornes P,
Concordet JP,
Tachdjian G,
Rodriguez AM,
Vartanian JP,
Béhin A,
Wahbi K,
Joanne P,
Agbulut O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stem Cell Res Ther</span>
2024 Jan 2;15(1):10.
doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03619-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38167524" target="_blank">38167524</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10763022" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31024060">Recessive DES cardio/myopathy without myofibrillar aggregates: intronic splice variant silences one allele leaving only missense L190P-desmin.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riley LG,
Waddell LB,
Ghaoui R,
Evesson FJ,
Cummings BB,
Bryen SJ,
Joshi H,
Wang MX,
Brammah S,
Kritharides L,
Corbett A,
MacArthur DG,
Cooper ST</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2019 Aug;27(8):1267-1273.
Epub 2019 Apr 25
doi: 10.1038/s41431-019-0393-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31024060" target="_blank">31024060</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6777463" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22199023">Myofibrillar myopathy caused by a mutation in the motor domain of mouse MyHC IIb.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kurapati R,
McKenna C,
Lindqvist J,
Williams D,
Simon M,
LeProust E,
Baker J,
Cheeseman M,
Carroll N,
Denny P,
Laval S,
Lochmüller H,
Ochala J,
Blanco G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mol Genet</span>
2012 Apr 15;21(8):1706-24.
Epub 2011 Dec 23
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr605.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22199023" target="_blank">22199023</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20605452">Inheritance patterns and phenotypic features of myofibrillar myopathy associated with a BAG3 mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Odgerel Z,
Sarkozy A,
Lee HS,
McKenna C,
Rankin J,
Straub V,
Lochmüller H,
Paola F,
D'Amico A,
Bertini E,
Bushby K,
Goldfarb LG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
2010 Jul;20(7):438-42.
Epub 2010 Jun 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.05.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20605452" target="_blank">20605452</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2900409" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myofibrillar%20myopathy%207%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4310711%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (5)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4310711%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4310711%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (10)</a></li>
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