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<meta name="keywords" content="C4310644, disease or syndrome, gdaccf, global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies, global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies; gdaccf, znf148, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="GDACCF is an intellectual disability syndrome apparent soon after birth with neonatal hypotonia, poor feeding, and respiratory insufficiency followed by delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability with poor speech. Brain imaging shows aplasia or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Affected individuals have variable dysmorphic facial features, and some may have dysplastic, cystic kidneys or mild cardiac defects (summary by Stevens et al., 2016)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies (Concept Id: C4310644)
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<!--
UID=934611
ConceptID=C4310644
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies<span class="h1sub">(GDACCF)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934611</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4310644</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>GDACCF</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="ZNF148 - ID: 7707 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/7707" class="medgenPMinfo">ZNF148</a> (3q21.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0014994" target="_blank">MONDO:0014994</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/617260" target="_blank">617260</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">GDACCF is an intellectual disability syndrome apparent soon after birth with neonatal hypotonia, poor feeding, and respiratory insufficiency followed by delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability with poor speech. Brain imaging shows aplasia or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Affected individuals have variable dysmorphic facial features, and some may have dysplastic, cystic kidneys or mild cardiac defects (summary by Stevens et al., 2016). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_760690"><div><strong>Renal dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>760690</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3536714</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/760690">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20dysplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20760690%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854361"><div><strong>Renal cyst</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854361</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887499</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A fluid filled sac in the kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854361">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20cyst%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854361%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3130"><div><strong>Clubfoot</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3130</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3130">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clubfoot%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203130%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42034"><div><strong>Pes planus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pes%20planus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1617"><div><strong>Coarctation of aorta</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003492</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing or constriction of a segment of the aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coarctation%20of%20aorta%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201617%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4415"><div><strong>Patent ductus arteriosus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4415</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013274</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4415">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Patent%20ductus%20arteriosus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204415%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44466"><div><strong>Mitral stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44466</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44466">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mitral%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044466%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87607"><div><strong>Short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96566"><div><strong>Posteriorly rotated ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431478</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96566">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Posteriorly%20rotated%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096566%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_104498"><div><strong>Corpus callosum, agenesis of</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).&#13; Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corpus%20callosum%2C%20agenesis%20of%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20104498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66034"><div><strong>Delayed ability to walk</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20walk%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_138005"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>138005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0344482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/138005">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20138005%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98131"><div><strong>Colpocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98131</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431384</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Colpocephaly is an anatomic finding in the brain manifested by occipital horns that are disproportionately enlarged in comparison with other parts of the lateral ventricles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98131">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Colpocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098131%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341172"><div><strong>Poor speech</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341172</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848207</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341172">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Poor%20speech%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341172%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_369943"><div><strong>EEG with burst suppression</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969156</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The burst suppression pattern in electroencephalography refers to a characteristic periodic pattern of low voltage (&lt;10 microvolts) suppressed background and a relatively shorter pattern of higher amplitude slow, sharp, and spiking complexes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369943">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22EEG%20with%20burst%20suppression%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20369943%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480553"><div><strong>Ventriculomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480553">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventriculomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480553%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867393"><div><strong>Delayed CNS myelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867393">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20CNS%20myelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867393%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67453"><div><strong>Frontal bossing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67453">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Frontal%20bossing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067453%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_412209"><div><strong>Neonatal hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412209</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2267233</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412209">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neonatal%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20412209%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11197"><div><strong>Respiratory insufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11197</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035229</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11197">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20insufficiency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011197%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44238"><div><strong>Wide mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44238</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024433</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44238">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044238%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98390"><div><strong>Upslanted palpebral fissure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98390</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423109</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98390">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Upslanted%20palpebral%20fissure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098390%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98391"><div><strong>Downslanted palpebral fissures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423110</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98391">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downslanted%20palpebral%20fissures%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098391%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98067"><div><strong>Short palpebral fissure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98067</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423112</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the medial and lateral canthi is more than 2 SD below the mean for age (objective); or, apparently reduced length of the palpebral fissures.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98067">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20palpebral%20fissure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098067%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140836"><div><strong>Telecanthus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140836</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423113</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140836">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Telecanthus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140836%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_151862"><div><strong>Epicanthus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>151862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0678230</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/151862">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Epicanthus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20151862%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_222980"><div><strong>Smooth philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>222980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1142533</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/222980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Smooth%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20222980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324383"><div><strong>Triangular face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1835884</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324383">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Triangular%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324383%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326956"><div><strong>Narrow forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326956</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326956">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326956%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_374311"><div><strong>Deep philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374311</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839797</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accentuated, prominent philtral ridges giving rise to an exaggerated groove in the midline between the nasal base and upper vermillion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374311">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deep%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20374311%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336193"><div><strong>Pointed chin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336193</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844505</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A marked tapering of the lower face to the chin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336193">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pointed%20chin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336193%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335284"><div><strong>Coarse facial features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335284</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845847</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335284">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coarse%20facial%20features%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335284%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344656"><div><strong>Low hanging columella</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344656</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856119</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Columella extending inferior to the level of the nasal base, when viewed from the side.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344656">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low%20hanging%20columella%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344656%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1784655"><div><strong>Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784655</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5539399</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784655">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20response%20to%20growth%20hormone%20stimulation%20test%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201784655%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473489"><div><strong>Wide intermamillary distance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473489</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1827524</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A larger than usual distance between the left and right nipple.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473489">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20intermamillary%20distance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473489%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_43780"><div><strong>Hypermetropia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43780</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020490</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/43780">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypermetropia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2043780%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335284" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coarse facial features</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_374311" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deep philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downslanted palpebral fissures</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_151862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epicanthus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344656" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low hanging columella</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326956" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336193" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pointed chin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98067" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short palpebral fissure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_222980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Smooth philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140836" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Telecanthus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324383" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Triangular face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98390" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Upslanted palpebral fissure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44238" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide mouth</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3130" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clubfoot</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pes planus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the breast</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473489" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide intermamillary distance</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coarctation of aorta</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44466" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitral stenosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4415" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Patent ductus arteriosus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1784655" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_43780" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypermetropia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854361" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal cyst</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_760690" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal dysplasia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontal bossing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_412209" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal hypotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98131" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Colpocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_104498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corpus callosum, agenesis of</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to walk</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed CNS myelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_369943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">EEG with burst suppression</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_138005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341172" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Poor speech</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventriculomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11197" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory insufficiency</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Posteriorly rotated ears</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37580113">Further delineation of the rare GDACCF (global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysmorphic facies syndrome): genotype and phenotype of 22 patients with ZNF148 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szakszon K,
Lourenco CM,
Callewaert BL,
Geneviève D,
Rouxel F,
Morin D,
Denommé-Pichon AS,
Vitobello A,
Patterson WG,
Louie R,
Pinto E Vairo F,
Klee E,
Kaiwar C,
Gavrilova RH,
Agre KE,
Jacquemont S,
Khadijé J,
Giltay J,
van Gassen K,
Merő G,
Gerkes E,
Van Bon BW,
Rinne T,
Pfundt R,
Brunner HG,
Caluseriu O,
Grasshoff U,
Kehrer M,
Haack TB,
Khelifa MM,
Bergmann AK,
Cueto-González AM,
Martorell AC,
Ramachandrappa S,
Sawyer LB,
Fasel P,
Braun D,
Isis A,
Superti-Furga A,
McNiven V,
Chitayat D,
Ahmed SA,
Brennenstuhl H,
Schwaibolf EM,
Battisti G,
Parmentier B,
Stevens SJC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2024 Jan 19;61(2):132-141.
doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37580113" target="_blank">37580113</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36598158">A biallelic frameshift indel in PPP1R35 as a cause of primary microcephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dawood M,
Akay G,
Mitani T,
Marafi D,
Fatih JM,
Gezdirici A,
Najmabadi H,
Kahrizi K,
Punetha J,
Grochowski CM,
Du H,
Jolly A,
Li H,
Coban-Akdemir Z,
Sedlazeck FJ,
Hunter JV,
Jhangiani SN,
Muzny D,
Pehlivan D,
Posey JE,
Carvalho CMB,
Gibbs RA,
Lupski JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2023 Mar;191(3):794-804.
Epub 2023 Jan 4
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63080.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36598158" target="_blank">36598158</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9928800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8892367">Leber congenital amaurosis--differential diagnosis, ophthalmological and neuroradiological report of 18 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casteels I,
Spileers W,
Demaerel P,
Casaer P,
De Cock P,
Dralands L,
Missotten L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
1996 Aug;27(4):189-93.
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-973785.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8892367" target="_blank">8892367</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36996813">Bi-allelic variants in the ESAM tight-junction gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with fetal intracranial hemorrhage.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lecca M,
Pehlivan D,
Suñer DH,
Weiss K,
Coste T,
Zweier M,
Oktay Y,
Danial-Farran N,
Rosti V,
Bonasoni MP,
Malara A,
Contrò G,
Zuntini R,
Pollazzon M,
Pascarella R,
Neri A,
Fusco C,
Marafi D,
Mitani T,
Posey JE,
Bayramoglu SE,
Gezdirici A,
Hernandez-Rodriguez J,
Cladera EA,
Miravet E,
Roldan-Busto J,
Ruiz MA,
Bauzá CV,
Ben-Sira L,
Sigaudy S,
Begemann A,
Unger S,
Güngör S,
Hiz S,
Sonmezler E,
Zehavi Y,
Jerdev M,
Balduini A,
Zuffardi O,
Horvath R,
Lochmüller H,
Rauch A,
Garavelli L,
Tournier-Lasserve E,
Spiegel R,
Lupski JR,
Errichiello E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2023 Apr 6;110(4):681-690.
Epub 2023 Mar 29
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36996813" target="_blank">36996813</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10119151" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34866177">A homozygous ABHD16A variant causes a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia with developmental delay, absent speech, and characteristic face.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miyake N,
Silva S,
Troncoso M,
Okamoto N,
Andachi Y,
Kato M,
Iwabuchi C,
Hirose M,
Fujita A,
Uchiyama Y,
Matsumoto N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2022 Mar;101(3):359-363.
Epub 2021 Dec 13
doi: 10.1111/cge.14097.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34866177" target="_blank">34866177</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33909173">A novel pathogenic variant in the 3' end of the AGTPBP1 gene gives rise to neurodegeneration without cerebellar atrophy: an expansion of the disease phenotype?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Türay S,
Eröz R,
Başak AN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurogenetics</span>
2021 May;22(2):127-132.
Epub 2021 Apr 28
doi: 10.1007/s10048-021-00643-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33909173" target="_blank">33909173</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29463858">Clinical and genetic spectrum of AMPD2-related pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kortüm F,
Jamra RA,
Alawi M,
Berry SA,
Borck G,
Helbig KL,
Tang S,
Huhle D,
Korenke GC,
Hebbar M,
Shukla A,
Girisha KM,
Steinlin M,
Waldmeier-Wilhelm S,
Montomoli M,
Guerrini R,
Lemke JR,
Kutsche K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2018 May;26(5):695-708.
Epub 2018 Feb 20
doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0098-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29463858" target="_blank">29463858</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5945775" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24993283">Esophageal atresia in patients with anorectal malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fernandez E,
Bischoff A,
Dickie BH,
Frischer J,
Hall J,
Peña A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Surg Int</span>
2014 Aug;30(8):767-71.
Epub 2014 Jul 4
doi: 10.1007/s00383-014-3531-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24993283" target="_blank">24993283</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (23)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37580113">Further delineation of the rare GDACCF (global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysmorphic facies syndrome): genotype and phenotype of 22 patients with ZNF148 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szakszon K,
Lourenco CM,
Callewaert BL,
Geneviève D,
Rouxel F,
Morin D,
Denommé-Pichon AS,
Vitobello A,
Patterson WG,
Louie R,
Pinto E Vairo F,
Klee E,
Kaiwar C,
Gavrilova RH,
Agre KE,
Jacquemont S,
Khadijé J,
Giltay J,
van Gassen K,
Merő G,
Gerkes E,
Van Bon BW,
Rinne T,
Pfundt R,
Brunner HG,
Caluseriu O,
Grasshoff U,
Kehrer M,
Haack TB,
Khelifa MM,
Bergmann AK,
Cueto-González AM,
Martorell AC,
Ramachandrappa S,
Sawyer LB,
Fasel P,
Braun D,
Isis A,
Superti-Furga A,
McNiven V,
Chitayat D,
Ahmed SA,
Brennenstuhl H,
Schwaibolf EM,
Battisti G,
Parmentier B,
Stevens SJC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2024 Jan 19;61(2):132-141.
doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37580113" target="_blank">37580113</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34605855">Biallelic variants in SLC38A3 encoding a glutamine transporter cause epileptic encephalopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marafi D,
Fatih JM,
Kaiyrzhanov R,
Ferla MP,
Gijavanekar C,
Al-Maraghi A,
Liu N,
Sites E,
Alsaif HS,
Al-Owain M,
Zakkariah M,
El-Anany E,
Guliyeva U,
Guliyeva S,
Gaba C,
Haseeb A,
Alhashem AM,
Danish E,
Karageorgou V,
Beetz C,
Subhi AA,
Mullegama SV,
Torti E,
Sebastin M,
Breilyn MS,
Duberstein S,
Abdel-Hamid MS,
Mitani T,
Du H,
Rosenfeld JA,
Jhangiani SN,
Coban Akdemir Z,
Gibbs RA,
Taylor JC,
Fakhro KA,
Hunter JV,
Pehlivan D,
Zaki MS,
Gleeson JG,
Maroofian R,
Houlden H,
Posey JE,
Sutton VR,
Alkuraya FS,
Elsea SH,
Lupski JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2022 Apr 29;145(3):909-924.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab369.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34605855" target="_blank">34605855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9050560" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30637921">Refining the Primrose syndrome phenotype: A study of five patients with ZBTB20 de novo variants and a review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cleaver R,
Berg J,
Craft E,
Foster A,
Gibbons RJ,
Hobson E,
Lachlan K,
Naik S,
Sampson JR,
Sharif S,
Smithson S;
Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study,
Parker MJ,
Tatton-Brown K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2019 Mar;179(3):344-349.
Epub 2019 Jan 13
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30637921" target="_blank">30637921</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18505557">Deletion 22q13.3 syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Phelan MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2008 May 27;3:14.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-14.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18505557" target="_blank">18505557</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2427010" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11391650">22q13 deletion syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Phelan MC,
Rogers RC,
Saul RA,
Stapleton GA,
Sweet K,
McDermid H,
Shaw SR,
Claytor J,
Willis J,
Kelly DP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
2001 Jun 15;101(2):91-9.
doi: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010615)101:2&lt;91::aid-ajmg1340&gt;3.0.co;2-c.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11391650" target="_blank">11391650</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (68)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36611016">Biochemical characterization of two novel mutations in the human high-affinity choline transporter 1 identified in a patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rizvi M,
Truong TK,
Zhou J,
Batta M,
Moran ES,
Pappas J,
Chu ML,
Caluseriu O,
Evrony GD,
Leslie EM,
Cordat E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mol Genet</span>
2023 Apr 20;32(9):1552-1564.
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac309.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36611016" target="_blank">36611016</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32608992">Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from a Female Patient with a Xq27.3-q28 Deletion to Establish Disease Models and Identify Therapies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Watanabe N,
Kitada K,
Santostefano KE,
Yokoyama A,
Waldrop SM,
Heldermon CD,
Tachibana D,
Koyama M,
Meacham AM,
Pacak CA,
Terada N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cell Reprogram</span>
2020 Aug;22(4):179-188.
Epub 2020 Jun 30
doi: 10.1089/cell.2020.0012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32608992" target="_blank">32608992</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7415881" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32369189">AADC deficiency from infancy to adulthood: Symptoms and developmental outcome in an international cohort of 63 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearson TS,
Gilbert L,
Opladen T,
Garcia-Cazorla A,
Mastrangelo M,
Leuzzi V,
Tay SKH,
Sykut-Cegielska J,
Pons R,
Mercimek-Andrews S,
Kato M,
Lücke T,
Oppebøen M,
Kurian MA,
Steel D,
Manti F,
Meeks KD,
Jeltsch K,
Flint L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2020 Sep;43(5):1121-1130.
Epub 2020 May 14
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12247.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32369189" target="_blank">32369189</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7540529" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31960134">Recessive mutations in SCYL2 cause a novel syndromic form of arthrogryposis in humans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Seidahmed MZ,
Al-Kindi A,
Alsaif HS,
Miqdad A,
Alabbad N,
Alfifi A,
Abdelbasit OB,
Alhussein K,
Alsamadi A,
Ibrahim N,
Al-Futaisi A,
Al-Maawali A,
Alkuraya FS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2020 Apr;139(4):513-519.
Epub 2020 Jan 20
doi: 10.1007/s00439-020-02117-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31960134" target="_blank">31960134</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18948358">Intranasal insulin to improve developmental delay in children with 22q13 deletion syndrome: an exploratory clinical trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schmidt H,
Kern W,
Giese R,
Hallschmid M,
Enders A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2009 Apr;46(4):217-22.
Epub 2008 Oct 23
doi: 10.1136/jmg.2008.062141.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18948358" target="_blank">18948358</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37684057">De novo TRPM3 missense variant associated with neurodevelopmental delay and manifestations of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sundaramurthi JC,
Bagley AM,
Blau H,
Carmody L,
Crandall A,
Danis D,
Gargano MA,
Gustafson AG,
Raney EM,
Shingle M,
Davids JR,
Robinson PN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud</span>
2023 Dec;9(4)
Epub 2024 Jan 10
doi: 10.1101/mcs.a006293.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37684057" target="_blank">37684057</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10815282" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36757831">The clinical and genetic spectrum of autosomal-recessive TOR1A-related disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saffari A,
Lau T,
Tajsharghi H,
Karimiani EG,
Kariminejad A,
Efthymiou S,
Zifarelli G,
Sultan T,
Toosi MB,
Sedighzadeh S,
Siu VM,
Ortigoza-Escobar JD,
AlShamsi AM,
Ibrahim S,
Al-Sannaa NA,
Al-Hertani W,
Sandra W,
Tarnopolsky M,
Alavi S,
Li C,
Day-Salvatore DL,
Martínez-González MJ,
Levandoski KM,
Bedoukian E,
Madan-Khetarpal S,
Idleburg MJ,
Menezes MJ,
Siddharth A,
Platzer K,
Oppermann H,
Smitka M,
Collins F,
Lek M,
Shahrooei M,
Ghavideldarestani M,
Herman I,
Rendu J,
Faure J,
Baker J,
Bhambhani V,
Calderwood L,
Akhondian J,
Imannezhad S,
Mirzadeh HS,
Hashemi N,
Doosti M,
Safi M,
Ahangari N,
Torbati PN,
Abedini S,
Salpietro V,
Gulec EY,
Eshaghian S,
Ghazavi M,
Pascher MT,
Vogel M,
Abicht A,
Moutton S,
Bruel AL,
Rieubland C,
Gallati S,
Strom TM,
Lochmüller H,
Mohammadi MH,
Alvi JR,
Zackai EH,
Keena BA,
Skraban CM,
Berger SI,
Andrew EH,
Rahimian E,
Morrow MM,
Wentzensen IM,
Millan F,
Henderson LB,
Dafsari HS,
Jungbluth H,
Gomez-Ospina N,
McRae A,
Peter M,
Veltra D,
Marinakis NM,
Sofocleous C,
Ashrafzadeh F,
Pehlivan D,
Lemke JR,
Melki J,
Benezit A,
Bauer P,
Weis D,
Lupski JR,
Senderek J,
Christodoulou J,
Chung WK,
Goodchild R,
Offiah AC,
Moreno-De-Luca A,
Suri M,
Ebrahimi-Fakhari D,
Houlden H,
Maroofian R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 Aug 1;146(8):3273-3288.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awad039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36757831" target="_blank">36757831</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10393417" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34605855">Biallelic variants in SLC38A3 encoding a glutamine transporter cause epileptic encephalopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marafi D,
Fatih JM,
Kaiyrzhanov R,
Ferla MP,
Gijavanekar C,
Al-Maraghi A,
Liu N,
Sites E,
Alsaif HS,
Al-Owain M,
Zakkariah M,
El-Anany E,
Guliyeva U,
Guliyeva S,
Gaba C,
Haseeb A,
Alhashem AM,
Danish E,
Karageorgou V,
Beetz C,
Subhi AA,
Mullegama SV,
Torti E,
Sebastin M,
Breilyn MS,
Duberstein S,
Abdel-Hamid MS,
Mitani T,
Du H,
Rosenfeld JA,
Jhangiani SN,
Coban Akdemir Z,
Gibbs RA,
Taylor JC,
Fakhro KA,
Hunter JV,
Pehlivan D,
Zaki MS,
Gleeson JG,
Maroofian R,
Houlden H,
Posey JE,
Sutton VR,
Alkuraya FS,
Elsea SH,
Lupski JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2022 Apr 29;145(3):909-924.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab369.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34605855" target="_blank">34605855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9050560" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24993283">Esophageal atresia in patients with anorectal malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fernandez E,
Bischoff A,
Dickie BH,
Frischer J,
Hall J,
Peña A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Surg Int</span>
2014 Aug;30(8):767-71.
Epub 2014 Jul 4
doi: 10.1007/s00383-014-3531-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24993283" target="_blank">24993283</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18505557">Deletion 22q13.3 syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Phelan MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2008 May 27;3:14.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-14.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18505557" target="_blank">18505557</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2427010" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (35)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37580113">Further delineation of the rare GDACCF (global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysmorphic facies syndrome): genotype and phenotype of 22 patients with ZNF148 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szakszon K,
Lourenco CM,
Callewaert BL,
Geneviève D,
Rouxel F,
Morin D,
Denommé-Pichon AS,
Vitobello A,
Patterson WG,
Louie R,
Pinto E Vairo F,
Klee E,
Kaiwar C,
Gavrilova RH,
Agre KE,
Jacquemont S,
Khadijé J,
Giltay J,
van Gassen K,
Merő G,
Gerkes E,
Van Bon BW,
Rinne T,
Pfundt R,
Brunner HG,
Caluseriu O,
Grasshoff U,
Kehrer M,
Haack TB,
Khelifa MM,
Bergmann AK,
Cueto-González AM,
Martorell AC,
Ramachandrappa S,
Sawyer LB,
Fasel P,
Braun D,
Isis A,
Superti-Furga A,
McNiven V,
Chitayat D,
Ahmed SA,
Brennenstuhl H,
Schwaibolf EM,
Battisti G,
Parmentier B,
Stevens SJC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2024 Jan 19;61(2):132-141.
doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37580113" target="_blank">37580113</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37684057">De novo TRPM3 missense variant associated with neurodevelopmental delay and manifestations of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sundaramurthi JC,
Bagley AM,
Blau H,
Carmody L,
Crandall A,
Danis D,
Gargano MA,
Gustafson AG,
Raney EM,
Shingle M,
Davids JR,
Robinson PN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud</span>
2023 Dec;9(4)
Epub 2024 Jan 10
doi: 10.1101/mcs.a006293.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37684057" target="_blank">37684057</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10815282" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36757831">The clinical and genetic spectrum of autosomal-recessive TOR1A-related disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saffari A,
Lau T,
Tajsharghi H,
Karimiani EG,
Kariminejad A,
Efthymiou S,
Zifarelli G,
Sultan T,
Toosi MB,
Sedighzadeh S,
Siu VM,
Ortigoza-Escobar JD,
AlShamsi AM,
Ibrahim S,
Al-Sannaa NA,
Al-Hertani W,
Sandra W,
Tarnopolsky M,
Alavi S,
Li C,
Day-Salvatore DL,
Martínez-González MJ,
Levandoski KM,
Bedoukian E,
Madan-Khetarpal S,
Idleburg MJ,
Menezes MJ,
Siddharth A,
Platzer K,
Oppermann H,
Smitka M,
Collins F,
Lek M,
Shahrooei M,
Ghavideldarestani M,
Herman I,
Rendu J,
Faure J,
Baker J,
Bhambhani V,
Calderwood L,
Akhondian J,
Imannezhad S,
Mirzadeh HS,
Hashemi N,
Doosti M,
Safi M,
Ahangari N,
Torbati PN,
Abedini S,
Salpietro V,
Gulec EY,
Eshaghian S,
Ghazavi M,
Pascher MT,
Vogel M,
Abicht A,
Moutton S,
Bruel AL,
Rieubland C,
Gallati S,
Strom TM,
Lochmüller H,
Mohammadi MH,
Alvi JR,
Zackai EH,
Keena BA,
Skraban CM,
Berger SI,
Andrew EH,
Rahimian E,
Morrow MM,
Wentzensen IM,
Millan F,
Henderson LB,
Dafsari HS,
Jungbluth H,
Gomez-Ospina N,
McRae A,
Peter M,
Veltra D,
Marinakis NM,
Sofocleous C,
Ashrafzadeh F,
Pehlivan D,
Lemke JR,
Melki J,
Benezit A,
Bauer P,
Weis D,
Lupski JR,
Senderek J,
Christodoulou J,
Chung WK,
Goodchild R,
Offiah AC,
Moreno-De-Luca A,
Suri M,
Ebrahimi-Fakhari D,
Houlden H,
Maroofian R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 Aug 1;146(8):3273-3288.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awad039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36757831" target="_blank">36757831</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10393417" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35579625">Discovering a new part of the phenotypic spectrum of Coffin-Siris syndrome in a fetal cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Sluijs PJ,
Joosten M,
Alby C,
Attié-Bitach T,
Gilmore K,
Dubourg C,
Fradin M,
Wang T,
Kurtz-Nelson EC,
Ahlers KP,
Arts P,
Barnett CP,
Ashfaq M,
Baban A,
van den Born M,
Borrie S,
Busa T,
Byrne A,
Carriero M,
Cesario C,
Chong K,
Cueto-González AM,
Dempsey JC,
Diderich KEM,
Doherty D,
Farholt S,
Gerkes EH,
Gorokhova S,
Govaerts LCP,
Gregersen PA,
Hickey SE,
Lefebvre M,
Mari F,
Martinovic J,
Northrup H,
O'Leary M,
Parbhoo K,
Patrier S,
Popp B,
Santos-Simarro F,
Stoltenburg C,
Thauvin-Robinet C,
Thompson E,
Vulto-van Silfhout AT,
Zahir FR,
Scott HS,
Earl RK,
Eichler EE,
Vora NL,
Wilnai Y,
Giordano JL,
Wapner RJ,
Rosenfeld JA,
Haak MC,
Santen GWE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2022 Aug;24(8):1753-1760.
Epub 2022 May 18
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.04.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35579625" target="_blank">35579625</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9378544" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34605855">Biallelic variants in SLC38A3 encoding a glutamine transporter cause epileptic encephalopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marafi D,
Fatih JM,
Kaiyrzhanov R,
Ferla MP,
Gijavanekar C,
Al-Maraghi A,
Liu N,
Sites E,
Alsaif HS,
Al-Owain M,
Zakkariah M,
El-Anany E,
Guliyeva U,
Guliyeva S,
Gaba C,
Haseeb A,
Alhashem AM,
Danish E,
Karageorgou V,
Beetz C,
Subhi AA,
Mullegama SV,
Torti E,
Sebastin M,
Breilyn MS,
Duberstein S,
Abdel-Hamid MS,
Mitani T,
Du H,
Rosenfeld JA,
Jhangiani SN,
Coban Akdemir Z,
Gibbs RA,
Taylor JC,
Fakhro KA,
Hunter JV,
Pehlivan D,
Zaki MS,
Gleeson JG,
Maroofian R,
Houlden H,
Posey JE,
Sutton VR,
Alkuraya FS,
Elsea SH,
Lupski JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2022 Apr 29;145(3):909-924.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab369.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34605855" target="_blank">34605855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9050560" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (42)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=617260" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Global%20developmental%20delay,%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum,%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(global%20developmental%20delay%2C%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=601897" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=7707[geneid]" target="_blank">View ZNF148 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=617260" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/global_developmental_delay_absent_or_hypoplastic_corpus_callosum_and_dysmorphic_facies" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Global%20developmental%20delay,%20absent%20or%20hypoplastic%20corpus%20callosum,%20and%20dysmorphic%20facies" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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