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<meta name="keywords" content="C4225359, cdk5, disease or syndrome, lis7, lissencephaly 7 with cerebellar hypoplasia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Lissencephaly-7 with cerebellar hypoplasia (LIS7) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lack of psychomotor development, facial dysmorphism, arthrogryposis, and early-onset intractable seizures resulting in death in infancy (Magen et al., 2015).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lissencephaly, see LIS1 (607432)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Lissencephaly 7 with cerebellar hypoplasia (Concept Id: C4225359)
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<!--
UID=895680
ConceptID=C4225359
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Lissencephaly 7 with cerebellar hypoplasia<span class="h1sub">(LIS7)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4225359</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>LIS7</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="CDK5 - ID: 1020 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/1020" class="medgenPMinfo">CDK5</a> (7q36.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0014596" target="_blank">MONDO:0014596</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/616342" target="_blank">616342</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Lissencephaly-7 with cerebellar hypoplasia (LIS7) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lack of psychomotor development, facial dysmorphism, arthrogryposis, and early-onset intractable seizures resulting in death in infancy (Magen et al., 2015).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lissencephaly, see LIS1 (607432). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65994"><div><strong>Hand clenching</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65994</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239815</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal hand posture in which the hands are clenched to fists. All digits held completely flexed at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. In prenatal sonography of the fetal clenched hand, the index finger overlaps a clenched fist formed by the other digits. The proximal interphalangeal articulation of the index finger is flexed and ulnarly deviated, and the thumb is adducted.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65994">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hand%20clenching%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065994%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_104498"><div><strong>Corpus callosum, agenesis of</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).&#13; Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corpus%20callosum%2C%20agenesis%20of%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20104498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115943"><div><strong>Areflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234146</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115943">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Areflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115943%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78604"><div><strong>Lissencephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78604</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266463</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78604">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lissencephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078604%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_120578"><div><strong>Cerebellar hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120578</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266470</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120578">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20120578%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_256151"><div><strong>Persistent head lag</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>256151</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1141883</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Premie-Neuro and the Dubowitz Neurological Examination score head lag in the same manner. Scoring for both is as follows</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/256151">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Persistent%20head%20lag%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20256151%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_361827"><div><strong>Agyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>361827</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1879312</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere characterized by lack of gyrations (convolutions) of the cerebral cortex. Agyria is defined as cortical regions lacking gyration with sulci great than 3 cm apart and cerebral cortex thicker than 5 mm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/361827">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Agyria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20361827%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_369943"><div><strong>EEG with burst suppression</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969156</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The burst suppression pattern in electroencephalography refers to a characteristic periodic pattern of low voltage (&lt;10 microvolts) suppressed background and a relatively shorter pattern of higher amplitude slow, sharp, and spiking complexes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369943">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22EEG%20with%20burst%20suppression%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20369943%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1830310"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1830310</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5779613</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple congenital contractures in different body areas.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1830310">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Arthrogryposis%20multiplex%20congenita%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201830310%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6155"><div><strong>Lymphedema</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6155</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024236</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6155">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lymphedema%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206155%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_332209"><div><strong>Increased circulating lactate concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332209</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836440</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332209">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20lactate%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20332209%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99267"><div><strong>Short neck</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99267</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0521525</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diminished length of the neck.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99267">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20neck%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099267%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_331280"><div><strong>Low anterior hairline</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331280</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842366</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between the hairline and the glabella.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331280">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low%20anterior%20hairline%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20331280%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336888"><div><strong>Small forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336888</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845250</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a forehead that is abnormally small.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336888">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Small%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336888%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_356471"><div><strong>Downturned corners of mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356471</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356471">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downturned%20corners%20of%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20356471%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355661"><div><strong>Full cheeks</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355661</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866231</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased prominence or roundness of soft tissues between zygomata and mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355661">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Full%20cheeks%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355661%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42461"><div><strong>Hirsutism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hirsutism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868721"><div><strong>Abnormal activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868721</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4023126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased or decreased activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868721">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20activity%20of%20mitochondrial%20respiratory%20chain%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868721%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormal cellular phenotype</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868721" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_356471" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downturned corners of mouth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355661" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Full cheeks</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_331280" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low anterior hairline</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99267" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short neck</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336888" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Small forehead</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65994" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hand clenching</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_332209" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased circulating lactate concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6155" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphedema</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hirsutism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1830310" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_361827" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Agyria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Areflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_120578" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_104498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corpus callosum, agenesis of</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_369943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">EEG with burst suppression</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78604" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lissencephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_256151" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Persistent head lag</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11749114">Epileptogenic brain malformations: clinical presentation, malformative patterns and indications for genetic testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guerrini R,
Carrozzo R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2001 Oct;10(7):532-43; quiz 544-7.
doi: 10.1053/seiz.2001.0650.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11749114" target="_blank">11749114</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28087826">Comparison of brain MRI findings with language and motor function in the dystroglycanopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brun BN,
Mockler SR,
Laubscher KM,
Stephan CM,
Wallace AM,
Collison JA,
Zimmerman MB,
Dobyns WB,
Mathews KD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2017 Feb 14;88(7):623-629.
Epub 2017 Jan 13
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003609.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28087826" target="_blank">28087826</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5317381" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27695855">Congenital Zika Virus Infection: Beyond Neonatal Microcephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Melo AS,
Aguiar RS,
Amorim MM,
Arruda MB,
Melo FO,
Ribeiro ST,
Batista AG,
Ferreira T,
Dos Santos MP,
Sampaio VV,
Moura SR,
Rabello LP,
Gonzaga CE,
Malinger G,
Ximenes R,
de Oliveira-Szejnfeld PS,
Tovar-Moll F,
Chimelli L,
Silveira PP,
Delvechio R,
Higa L,
Campanati L,
Nogueira RM,
Filippis AM,
Szejnfeld J,
Voloch CM,
Ferreira OC Jr,
Brindeiro RM,
Tanuri A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Neurol</span>
2016 Dec 1;73(12):1407-1416.
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3720.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27695855" target="_blank">27695855</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24860126">The wide spectrum of tubulinopathies: what are the key features for the diagnosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bahi-Buisson N,
Poirier K,
Fourniol F,
Saillour Y,
Valence S,
Lebrun N,
Hully M,
Bianco CF,
Boddaert N,
Elie C,
Lascelles K,
Souville I;
LIS-Tubulinopathies Consortium,
Beldjord C,
Chelly J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2014 Jun;137(Pt 6):1676-700.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awu082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24860126" target="_blank">24860126</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12169461">Analysis and classification of cerebellar malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patel S,
Barkovich AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
2002 Aug;23(7):1074-87.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12169461" target="_blank">12169461</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8185716" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11749114">Epileptogenic brain malformations: clinical presentation, malformative patterns and indications for genetic testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guerrini R,
Carrozzo R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2001 Oct;10(7):532-43; quiz 544-7.
doi: 10.1053/seiz.2001.0650.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11749114" target="_blank">11749114</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28087826">Comparison of brain MRI findings with language and motor function in the dystroglycanopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brun BN,
Mockler SR,
Laubscher KM,
Stephan CM,
Wallace AM,
Collison JA,
Zimmerman MB,
Dobyns WB,
Mathews KD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2017 Feb 14;88(7):623-629.
Epub 2017 Jan 13
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003609.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28087826" target="_blank">28087826</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5317381" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25059107">Mutations in tubulin genes are frequent causes of various foetal malformations of cortical development including microlissencephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fallet-Bianco C,
Laquerrière A,
Poirier K,
Razavi F,
Guimiot F,
Dias P,
Loeuillet L,
Lascelles K,
Beldjord C,
Carion N,
Toussaint A,
Revencu N,
Addor MC,
Lhermitte B,
Gonzales M,
Martinovich J,
Bessieres B,
Marcy-Bonnière M,
Jossic F,
Marcorelles P,
Loget P,
Chelly J,
Bahi-Buisson N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neuropathol Commun</span>
2014 Jul 25;2:69.
doi: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-69.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25059107" target="_blank">25059107</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4222268" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24860126">The wide spectrum of tubulinopathies: what are the key features for the diagnosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bahi-Buisson N,
Poirier K,
Fourniol F,
Saillour Y,
Valence S,
Lebrun N,
Hully M,
Bianco CF,
Boddaert N,
Elie C,
Lascelles K,
Souville I;
LIS-Tubulinopathies Consortium,
Beldjord C,
Chelly J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2014 Jun;137(Pt 6):1676-700.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awu082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24860126" target="_blank">24860126</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12169461">Analysis and classification of cerebellar malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patel S,
Barkovich AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
2002 Aug;23(7):1074-87.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12169461" target="_blank">12169461</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8185716" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11749114">Epileptogenic brain malformations: clinical presentation, malformative patterns and indications for genetic testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guerrini R,
Carrozzo R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2001 Oct;10(7):532-43; quiz 544-7.
doi: 10.1053/seiz.2001.0650.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11749114" target="_blank">11749114</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28087826">Comparison of brain MRI findings with language and motor function in the dystroglycanopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brun BN,
Mockler SR,
Laubscher KM,
Stephan CM,
Wallace AM,
Collison JA,
Zimmerman MB,
Dobyns WB,
Mathews KD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2017 Feb 14;88(7):623-629.
Epub 2017 Jan 13
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003609.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28087826" target="_blank">28087826</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5317381" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27695855">Congenital Zika Virus Infection: Beyond Neonatal Microcephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Melo AS,
Aguiar RS,
Amorim MM,
Arruda MB,
Melo FO,
Ribeiro ST,
Batista AG,
Ferreira T,
Dos Santos MP,
Sampaio VV,
Moura SR,
Rabello LP,
Gonzaga CE,
Malinger G,
Ximenes R,
de Oliveira-Szejnfeld PS,
Tovar-Moll F,
Chimelli L,
Silveira PP,
Delvechio R,
Higa L,
Campanati L,
Nogueira RM,
Filippis AM,
Szejnfeld J,
Voloch CM,
Ferreira OC Jr,
Brindeiro RM,
Tanuri A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Neurol</span>
2016 Dec 1;73(12):1407-1416.
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3720.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27695855" target="_blank">27695855</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26046367">Heterozygous reelin mutations cause autosomal-dominant lateral temporal epilepsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dazzo E,
Fanciulli M,
Serioli E,
Minervini G,
Pulitano P,
Binelli S,
Di Bonaventura C,
Luisi C,
Pasini E,
Striano S,
Striano P,
Coppola G,
Chiavegato A,
Radovic S,
Spadotto A,
Uzzau S,
La Neve A,
Giallonardo AT,
Mecarelli O,
Tosatto SC,
Ottman R,
Michelucci R,
Nobile C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2015 Jun 4;96(6):992-1000.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26046367" target="_blank">26046367</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4457960" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24860126">The wide spectrum of tubulinopathies: what are the key features for the diagnosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bahi-Buisson N,
Poirier K,
Fourniol F,
Saillour Y,
Valence S,
Lebrun N,
Hully M,
Bianco CF,
Boddaert N,
Elie C,
Lascelles K,
Souville I;
LIS-Tubulinopathies Consortium,
Beldjord C,
Chelly J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2014 Jun;137(Pt 6):1676-700.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awu082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24860126" target="_blank">24860126</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17664403">Location and type of mutation in the LIS1 gene do not predict phenotypic severity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Uyanik G,
Morris-Rosendahl DJ,
Stiegler J,
Klapecki J,
Gross C,
Berman Y,
Martin P,
Dey L,
Spranger S,
Korenke GC,
Schreyer I,
Hertzberg C,
Neumann TE,
Burkart P,
Spaich C,
Meng M,
Holthausen H,
Adès L,
Seidel J,
Mangold E,
Buyse G,
Meinecke P,
Schara U,
Zeschnigk C,
Muller D,
Helland G,
Schulze B,
Wright ML,
Kortge-Jung S,
Hehr A,
Bogdahn U,
Schuierer G,
Kohlhase J,
Aigner L,
Wolff G,
Hehr U,
Winkler J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2007 Jul 31;69(5):442-7.
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000266629.98503.d0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17664403" target="_blank">17664403</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28087826">Comparison of brain MRI findings with language and motor function in the dystroglycanopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brun BN,
Mockler SR,
Laubscher KM,
Stephan CM,
Wallace AM,
Collison JA,
Zimmerman MB,
Dobyns WB,
Mathews KD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2017 Feb 14;88(7):623-629.
Epub 2017 Jan 13
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003609.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28087826" target="_blank">28087826</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5317381" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27695855">Congenital Zika Virus Infection: Beyond Neonatal Microcephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Melo AS,
Aguiar RS,
Amorim MM,
Arruda MB,
Melo FO,
Ribeiro ST,
Batista AG,
Ferreira T,
Dos Santos MP,
Sampaio VV,
Moura SR,
Rabello LP,
Gonzaga CE,
Malinger G,
Ximenes R,
de Oliveira-Szejnfeld PS,
Tovar-Moll F,
Chimelli L,
Silveira PP,
Delvechio R,
Higa L,
Campanati L,
Nogueira RM,
Filippis AM,
Szejnfeld J,
Voloch CM,
Ferreira OC Jr,
Brindeiro RM,
Tanuri A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Neurol</span>
2016 Dec 1;73(12):1407-1416.
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3720.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27695855" target="_blank">27695855</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26046367">Heterozygous reelin mutations cause autosomal-dominant lateral temporal epilepsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dazzo E,
Fanciulli M,
Serioli E,
Minervini G,
Pulitano P,
Binelli S,
Di Bonaventura C,
Luisi C,
Pasini E,
Striano S,
Striano P,
Coppola G,
Chiavegato A,
Radovic S,
Spadotto A,
Uzzau S,
La Neve A,
Giallonardo AT,
Mecarelli O,
Tosatto SC,
Ottman R,
Michelucci R,
Nobile C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2015 Jun 4;96(6):992-1000.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26046367" target="_blank">26046367</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4457960" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24860126">The wide spectrum of tubulinopathies: what are the key features for the diagnosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bahi-Buisson N,
Poirier K,
Fourniol F,
Saillour Y,
Valence S,
Lebrun N,
Hully M,
Bianco CF,
Boddaert N,
Elie C,
Lascelles K,
Souville I;
LIS-Tubulinopathies Consortium,
Beldjord C,
Chelly J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2014 Jun;137(Pt 6):1676-700.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awu082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24860126" target="_blank">24860126</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11749114">Epileptogenic brain malformations: clinical presentation, malformative patterns and indications for genetic testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guerrini R,
Carrozzo R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2001 Oct;10(7):532-43; quiz 544-7.
doi: 10.1053/seiz.2001.0650.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11749114" target="_blank">11749114</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div></div>
</div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225359%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (7)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225359%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (12)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225359%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (5)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225359%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (13)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=616342" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(lissencephaly%207%20with%20cerebellar%20hypoplasia)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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