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<meta name="keywords" content="C3714980, bardet-biedl syndrome 17, bardet-biedl syndrome caused by mutation in lztfl1, bardet-biedl syndrome type 17, bbs17, disease or syndrome, lztfl1, lztfl1 bardet-biedl syndrome, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Bardet-Biedl syndrome-17 (BBS17) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, cognitive impairment, obesity, renal dysfunction, and hypogenitalism. Polydactyly, most often postaxial, is also a primary feature of BBS; in BBS17, mesoaxial polydactyly, with fused or Y-shaped metacarpals, is a distinct manifestation (Deffert et al., 2007; Schaefer et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=811538
ConceptID=C3714980
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 17<span class="h1sub">(BBS17)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811538</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C3714980</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>BBS17</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="LZTFL1 - ID: 54585 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/54585" class="medgenPMinfo">LZTFL1</a> (3p21.31)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0014445" target="_blank">MONDO:0014445</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/615994" target="_blank">615994</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Bardet-Biedl syndrome-17 (BBS17) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, cognitive impairment, obesity, renal dysfunction, and hypogenitalism. Polydactyly, most often postaxial, is also a primary feature of BBS; in BBS17, mesoaxial polydactyly, with fused or Y-shaped metacarpals, is a distinct manifestation (Deffert et al., 2007; Schaefer et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19404"><div><strong>Polyuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19404</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0032617</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased rate of urine production.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19404">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyuria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019404%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_384526"><div><strong>Stage 5 chronic kidney disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>384526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2316810</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of kidney failure severe enough to require dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival characterized by a severe reduction in glomerular filtration rate (less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) and other manifestations including increased serum creatinine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/384526">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Stage%205%20chronic%20kidney%20disease%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20384526%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854361"><div><strong>Renal cyst</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854361</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887499</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A fluid filled sac in the kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854361">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20cyst%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854361%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1633603"><div><strong>Micropenis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1633603</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551492</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1633603">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micropenis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201633603%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57774"><div><strong>Polydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57774</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0152427</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57774">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057774%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67454"><div><strong>Brachydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221357</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67454">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067454%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_609220"><div><strong>Central polydactyly of fingers</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>609220</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a supernumerary finger or toe (not a thumb or hallux) involving the third or fourth metacarpal/tarsal with associated osseous syndactyly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/609220">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Central%20polydactyly%20of%20fingers%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20609220%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_609221"><div><strong>Postaxial hand polydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>609221</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431904</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/609221">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Postaxial%20hand%20polydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20609221%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336358"><div><strong>Short fourth metatarsal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336358</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848514</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Short fourth metatarsal bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336358">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20fourth%20metatarsal%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336358%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_384489"><div><strong>Postaxial foot polydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>384489</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2112129</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Polydactyly of the foot most commonly refers to the presence of six toes on one foot. Postaxial polydactyly affects the lateral ray and the duplication may range from a well-formed articulated digit to a rudimentary digit.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/384489">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Postaxial%20foot%20polydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20384489%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_893020"><div><strong>Mesoaxial hand polydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>893020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021606</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a supernumerary finger (not a thumb) involving the third or fourth metacarpal with associated osseous syndactyly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/893020">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mesoaxial%20hand%20polydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20893020%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4255"><div><strong>Dextrocardia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4255</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011813</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The heart is located in the right hand sided hemithorax. That is, there is a left-right reversal (or "mirror reflection") of the anatomical location of the heart in which the heart is locate on the right side instead of the left.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4255">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dextrocardia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204255%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1642262"><div><strong>Situs inversus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642262</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551493</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A left-right reversal (or mirror reflection) of the anatomical location of the major thoracic and abdominal organs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642262">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Situs%20inversus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201642262%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18127"><div><strong>Obesity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18127</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18127">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Obesity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018127%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1950"><div><strong>Anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1950</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1950">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anosmia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201950%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_43214"><div><strong>Polydipsia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43214</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085602</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/43214">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polydipsia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2043214%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_90932"><div><strong>Cognitive impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90932</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0338656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90932">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cognitive%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2090932%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107874"><div><strong>Poor coordination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0563243</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107874">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Poor%20coordination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107874%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473584"><div><strong>Hyposmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473584</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2364082</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473584">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyposmia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473584%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5711"><div><strong>Hypogonadism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5711</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020619</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased functionality of the gonad.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5711">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypogonadism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205711%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_48432"><div><strong>Retinal degeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48432</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035304</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A nonspecific term denoting degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and/or retinal photoreceptor cells.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48432">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Retinal%20degeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2048432%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140841"><div><strong>Macular atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423421</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Well-demarcated area(s) of partial or complete depigmentation in the macula, reflecting atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium with associated retinal photoreceptor loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Macular%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_323029"><div><strong>Bone spicule pigmentation of the retina</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>323029</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836926</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pigment migration into the retina in a bone-spicule configuration (resembling the nucleated cells within the lacuna of bone).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/323029">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bone%20spicule%20pigmentation%20of%20the%20retina%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20323029%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_777085"><div><strong>Visual impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>777085</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3665347</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/777085">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Visual%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20777085%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_896366"><div><strong>Cone-rod dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>896366</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4085590</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">There are more than 30 types of cone-rod dystrophy, which are distinguished by their genetic cause and their pattern of inheritance: autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked. Additionally, cone-rod dystrophy can occur alone without any other signs and symptoms or it can occur as part of a syndrome that affects multiple parts of the body.\n\nThe first signs and symptoms of cone-rod dystrophy, which often occur in childhood, are usually decreased sharpness of vision (visual acuity) and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). These features are typically followed by impaired color vision (dyschromatopsia), blind spots (scotomas) in the center of the visual field, and partial side (peripheral) vision loss. Over time, affected individuals develop night blindness and a worsening of their peripheral vision, which can limit independent mobility. Decreasing visual acuity makes reading increasingly difficult and most affected individuals are legally blind by mid-adulthood. As the condition progresses, individuals may develop involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).\n\nCone-rod dystrophy is a group of related eye disorders that causes vision loss, which becomes more severe over time. These disorders affect the retina, which is the layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. In people with cone-rod dystrophy, vision loss occurs as the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually deteriorate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/896366">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cone-rod%20dystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20896366%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1632921"><div><strong>Rod-cone dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1632921</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551714</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inherited retinal disease subtype in which the rod photoreceptors appear to be more severely affected than the cone photoreceptors. Typical presentation is with nyctalopia (due to rod dysfunction) followed by loss of mid-peripheral field of vision, which gradually extends and leaves many patients with a small central island of vision due to the preservation of macular cones.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1632921">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rod-cone%20dystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201632921%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67454" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_609220" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Central polydactyly of fingers</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_893020" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mesoaxial hand polydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57774" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_384489" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Postaxial foot polydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_609221" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Postaxial hand polydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336358" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short fourth metatarsal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4255" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dextrocardia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1642262" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Situs inversus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5711" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_323029" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bone spicule pigmentation of the retina</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_896366" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cone-rod dystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macular atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_48432" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Retinal degeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1632921" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rod-cone dystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_777085" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Visual impairment</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1633603" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micropenis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19404" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyuria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854361" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal cyst</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_384526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Stage 5 chronic kidney disease</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1950" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anosmia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_90932" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cognitive impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473584" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyposmia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_43214" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polydipsia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107874" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Poor coordination</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18127" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Obesity</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39919873">Management of Obesity-Related Genetic Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Esbati R,
Yazdani O,
Simonetti J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
2025 Mar;54(1):17-38.
Epub 2024 Dec 7
doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2024.11.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39919873" target="_blank">39919873</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33886537">A mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has impaired fear memory, which is rescued by lithium treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pak TK,
Carter CS,
Zhang Q,
Huang SC,
Searby C,
Hsu Y,
Taugher RJ,
Vogel T,
Cychosz CC,
Genova R,
Moreira NN,
Stevens H,
Wemmie JA,
Pieper AA,
Wang K,
Sheffield VC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS Genet</span>
2021 Apr;17(4):e1009484.
Epub 2021 Apr 22
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009484.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33886537" target="_blank">33886537</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8061871" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31283077">Meta-analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in Bardet-Biedl syndrome uncovers differences among causative genes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Niederlova V,
Modrak M,
Tsyklauri O,
Huranova M,
Stepanek O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2019 Nov;40(11):2068-2087.
Epub 2019 Jul 29
doi: 10.1002/humu.23862.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31283077" target="_blank">31283077</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(bardet-biedl%20syndrome%2017)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38671463">Syndromic ciliopathy: a taiwanese single-center study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pan YW,
Ou TY,
Chou YY,
Kuo PL,
Hsiao HP,
Chiu PC,
Lin JL,
Lo FS,
Wang CH,
Chen PC,
Tsai MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Genomics</span>
2024 Apr 26;17(1):106.
doi: 10.1186/s12920-024-01880-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38671463" target="_blank">38671463</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11046915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33046855">Evidence for secondary-variant genetic burden and non-random distribution across biological modules in a recessive ciliopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kousi M,
Söylemez O,
Ozanturk A,
Mourtzi N,
Akle S,
Jungreis I,
Muller J,
Cassa CA,
Brand H,
Mokry JA,
Wolf MY,
Sadeghpour A,
McFadden K,
Lewis RA,
Talkowski ME,
Dollfus H,
Kellis M,
Davis EE,
Sunyaev SR,
Katsanis N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Genet</span>
2020 Nov;52(11):1145-1150.
Epub 2020 Oct 12
doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0707-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33046855" target="_blank">33046855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8272915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29409041">The Endocrine and Metabolic Characteristics of a Large Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Clinic Population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mujahid S,
Hunt KF,
Cheah YS,
Forsythe E,
Hazlehurst JM,
Sparks K,
Mohammed S,
Tomlinson JW,
Amiel SA,
Carroll PV,
Beales PL,
Huda MSB,
McGowan BM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2018 May 1;103(5):1834-1841.
doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01459.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29409041" target="_blank">29409041</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29106859">Sleep disordered breathing in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yeung JC,
Katwa UA,
Lee GS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2017 Nov;102:127-132.
Epub 2017 Sep 12
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29106859" target="_blank">29106859</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26088074">Cystic kidney disease: a primer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cramer MT,
Guay-Woodford LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Chronic Kidney Dis</span>
2015 Jul;22(4):297-305.
doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26088074" target="_blank">26088074</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bardet-Biedl%20syndrome%2017%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (39)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39658238">Clinical variability of BBS1 across siblings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Giang V,
Weber SR,
Sundstrom JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Case Rep</span>
2024 Dec 10;17(12)
doi: 10.1136/bcr-2024-261874.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39658238" target="_blank">39658238</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11647075" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38671463">Syndromic ciliopathy: a taiwanese single-center study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pan YW,
Ou TY,
Chou YY,
Kuo PL,
Hsiao HP,
Chiu PC,
Lin JL,
Lo FS,
Wang CH,
Chen PC,
Tsai MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Genomics</span>
2024 Apr 26;17(1):106.
doi: 10.1186/s12920-024-01880-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38671463" target="_blank">38671463</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11046915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38584252">Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Chinese patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gao S,
Zhang Q,
Ding Y,
Wang L,
Li Z,
Hu F,
Yao RE,
Yu T,
Chang G,
Wang X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2024 Apr 8;19(1):149.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-024-03150-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38584252" target="_blank">38584252</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11000329" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26088074">Cystic kidney disease: a primer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cramer MT,
Guay-Woodford LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Chronic Kidney Dis</span>
2015 Jul;22(4):297-305.
doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26088074" target="_blank">26088074</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21898032">Educational paper: ciliopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bergmann C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2012 Sep;171(9):1285-300.
Epub 2011 Sep 7
doi: 10.1007/s00431-011-1553-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21898032" target="_blank">21898032</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3419833" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bardet-Biedl%20syndrome%2017%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (57)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33046855">Evidence for secondary-variant genetic burden and non-random distribution across biological modules in a recessive ciliopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kousi M,
Söylemez O,
Ozanturk A,
Mourtzi N,
Akle S,
Jungreis I,
Muller J,
Cassa CA,
Brand H,
Mokry JA,
Wolf MY,
Sadeghpour A,
McFadden K,
Lewis RA,
Talkowski ME,
Dollfus H,
Kellis M,
Davis EE,
Sunyaev SR,
Katsanis N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Genet</span>
2020 Nov;52(11):1145-1150.
Epub 2020 Oct 12
doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0707-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33046855" target="_blank">33046855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8272915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31469663">A novel missense variant in the BBS7 gene underlying Bardet-Biedl syndrome in a consanguineous Pakistani family.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hayat A,
Khan AA,
Rauf A,
Khan SU,
Hussain S,
Ullah A,
Ahmad W,
Shams S,
Khan B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dysmorphol</span>
2020 Jan;29(1):17-23.
doi: 10.1097/MCD.0000000000000294.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31469663" target="_blank">31469663</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29106859">Sleep disordered breathing in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yeung JC,
Katwa UA,
Lee GS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2017 Nov;102:127-132.
Epub 2017 Sep 12
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29106859" target="_blank">29106859</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28352024">Anesthetic management of two cases of Bardet-Biedl syndrome for renal transplantation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vora KS,
Modi MP,
Butala BP,
Shah VR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl</span>
2017 Mar-Apr;28(2):384-387.
doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.202775.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28352024" target="_blank">28352024</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12941092">Recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris associated with Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Margolin L,
Haliulin Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol</span>
2003 Sep;17(5):554-5.
doi: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00623.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12941092" target="_blank">12941092</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bardet-Biedl%20syndrome%2017%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31951329">Renal features of Bardet Biedl syndrome: A single center experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Atmış B,
Karabay-Bayazıt A,
Melek E,
Bişgin A,
Anarat A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Turk J Pediatr</span>
2019;61(2):186-192.
doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2019.02.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31951329" target="_blank">31951329</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31283077">Meta-analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in Bardet-Biedl syndrome uncovers differences among causative genes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Niederlova V,
Modrak M,
Tsyklauri O,
Huranova M,
Stepanek O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2019 Nov;40(11):2068-2087.
Epub 2019 Jul 29
doi: 10.1002/humu.23862.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31283077" target="_blank">31283077</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29674126">BBS9 gene in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: Role of the primary cilium in the aberrant ossification of the suture osteogenic niche.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barba M,
Di Pietro L,
Massimi L,
Geloso MC,
Frassanito P,
Caldarelli M,
Michetti F,
Della Longa S,
Romitti PA,
Di Rocco C,
Arcovito A,
Parolini O,
Tamburrini G,
Bernardini C,
Boyadjiev SA,
Lattanzi W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Bone</span>
2018 Jul;112:58-70.
Epub 2018 Apr 17
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29674126" target="_blank">29674126</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5970090" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29106859">Sleep disordered breathing in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yeung JC,
Katwa UA,
Lee GS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2017 Nov;102:127-132.
Epub 2017 Sep 12
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29106859" target="_blank">29106859</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28952822">Recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bergmann C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Mol Diagn</span>
2017 Dec;17(12):1037-1054.
Epub 2017 Nov 16
doi: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1386099.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28952822" target="_blank">28952822</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bardet-Biedl%20syndrome%2017%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37415214">Caregiver burden in Bardet-Biedl syndrome: findings from the CARE-BBS study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Forsythe E,
Mallya UG,
Yang M,
Huber C,
Cala ML,
Greatsinger A,
Hagopian E,
Pomeroy J,
Haqq AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2023 Jul 7;18(1):181.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02692-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37415214" target="_blank">37415214</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10327143" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37415189">Burden of hyperphagia and obesity in Bardet-Biedl syndrome: a multicountry survey.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Forsythe E,
Mallya UG,
Yang M,
Huber C,
Cala ML,
Greatsinger A,
Hagopian E,
Pomeroy J,
Haqq AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2023 Jul 7;18(1):182.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02723-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37415189" target="_blank">37415189</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10327341" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33046855">Evidence for secondary-variant genetic burden and non-random distribution across biological modules in a recessive ciliopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kousi M,
Söylemez O,
Ozanturk A,
Mourtzi N,
Akle S,
Jungreis I,
Muller J,
Cassa CA,
Brand H,
Mokry JA,
Wolf MY,
Sadeghpour A,
McFadden K,
Lewis RA,
Talkowski ME,
Dollfus H,
Kellis M,
Davis EE,
Sunyaev SR,
Katsanis N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Genet</span>
2020 Nov;52(11):1145-1150.
Epub 2020 Oct 12
doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0707-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33046855" target="_blank">33046855</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8272915" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29106859">Sleep disordered breathing in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yeung JC,
Katwa UA,
Lee GS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2017 Nov;102:127-132.
Epub 2017 Sep 12
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29106859" target="_blank">29106859</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26088074">Cystic kidney disease: a primer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cramer MT,
Guay-Woodford LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Chronic Kidney Dis</span>
2015 Jul;22(4):297-305.
doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26088074" target="_blank">26088074</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bardet-Biedl%20syndrome%2017%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (24)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714980%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (19)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714980%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714980%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (27)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714980%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (8)</a></li>
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