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<meta name="keywords" content="C3714927, coq2, finding, msa1, msa1, susceptibility to, multiple system atrophy 1, susceptibility to, multiple system atrophy, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that manifests as a progressive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder causing parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic, urogenital, and pyramidal dysfunction in various combinations. Two main subtypes are recognized: 'subtype C,' characterized predominantly by cerebellar ataxia, and 'subtype P,' characterized predominantly by parkinsonism. MSA is characterized pathologically by the degeneration of striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar structures and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) that consist of abnormally phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (SNCA; 163890) or tau (MAPT; 157140) (Gilman et al., 1998; Gilman et al., 2008; Scholz et al., 2009). 'Subtype C' of MSA has been reported to be more prevalent than 'subtype P' in the Japanese population (65-67% vs 33-35%), whereas 'subtype P' has been reported to be more prevalent than 'subtype C' in Europe (63% vs 34%) and North America (60% vs 13%, with 27% of cases unclassified) (summary by The Multiple-System Atrophy Research Collaboration, 2013). MSA is similar clinically and pathologically to Parkinson disease (PD; 168600) and Lewy body dementia (127750). See also PARK1 (168601), which is specifically caused by mutation in the SNCA gene. Pure autonomic failure manifests as orthostatic hypotension and other autonomic abnormalities without other neurologic involvement. Although there is some phenotypic overlap, the relationship of pure autonomic failure to MSA is unclear (Vanderhaeghen et al., 1970; Schatz, 1996)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=811503
|
||
ConceptID=C3714927
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Multiple system atrophy 1, susceptibility to<span class="h1sub">(MSA1)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811503</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C3714927</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>MSA1, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="COQ2 - ID: 27235 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/27235" class="medgenPMinfo">COQ2</a> (4q21.23)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0020715" target="_blank">MONDO:0020715</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/146500" target="_blank">146500</a></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that manifests as a progressive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder causing parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic, urogenital, and pyramidal dysfunction in various combinations. Two main subtypes are recognized: 'subtype C,' characterized predominantly by cerebellar ataxia, and 'subtype P,' characterized predominantly by parkinsonism. MSA is characterized pathologically by the degeneration of striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar structures and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) that consist of abnormally phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (SNCA; 163890) or tau (MAPT; 157140) (Gilman et al., 1998; Gilman et al., 2008; Scholz et al., 2009). 'Subtype C' of MSA has been reported to be more prevalent than 'subtype P' in the Japanese population (65-67% vs 33-35%), whereas 'subtype P' has been reported to be more prevalent than 'subtype C' in Europe (63% vs 34%) and North America (60% vs 13%, with 27% of cases unclassified) (summary by The Multiple-System Atrophy Research Collaboration, 2013). MSA is similar clinically and pathologically to Parkinson disease (PD; 168600) and Lewy body dementia (127750). See also PARK1 (168601), which is specifically caused by mutation in the SNCA gene. Pure autonomic failure manifests as orthostatic hypotension and other autonomic abnormalities without other neurologic involvement. Although there is some phenotypic overlap, the relationship of pure autonomic failure to MSA is unclear (Vanderhaeghen et al., 1970; Schatz, 1996). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Multiple system atrophy is a progressive brain disorder that affects movement and balance and disrupts the function of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls body functions that are mostly involuntary, such as regulation of blood pressure. The most frequent autonomic symptoms associated with multiple system atrophy are a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing (orthostatic hypotension), urinary difficulties, and erectile dysfunction in men.<br /><br />Researchers have described two major types of multiple system atrophy, which are distinguished by their major signs and symptoms at the time of diagnosis. In one type, known as MSA-P, a group of movement abnormalities called parkinsonism are predominant. These abnormalities include unusually slow movement (bradykinesia), muscle rigidity, tremors, and an inability to hold the body upright and balanced (postural instability). The other type of multiple system atrophy, known as MSA-C, is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, which causes problems with coordination and balance. This form of the condition can also include speech difficulties (dysarthria) and problems controlling eye movement.<br /><br />Multiple system atrophy usually occurs in older adults; on average, signs and symptoms appear around age 55. The condition worsens with time, and affected individuals survive an average of 10 years after the signs and symptoms first appear. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-system-atrophy">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-system-atrophy</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22579"><div><strong>Urinary incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0042024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39315"><div><strong>Urinary urgency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39315</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085606</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39315">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20urgency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039315%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1720680"><div><strong>Impotence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">CN208474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Impotence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201720680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8510"><div><strong>Dysarthria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8510</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0013362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8510">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysarthria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208510%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8511"><div><strong>Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8511</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0013363</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A functional abnormality of the autonomic nervous system.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8511">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20autonomic%20nervous%20system%20physiology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208511%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_43803"><div><strong>Orthostatic hypotension</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43803</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020651</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of hypotension characterized by a sudden fall in blood pressure that occurs when a person assumes a standing position.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/43803">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Orthostatic%20hypotension%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2043803%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_17999"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>17999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0027746</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/17999">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neurodegeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2017999%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10435"><div><strong>Olivopontocerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10435</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0028968</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum, pontine nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10435">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Olivopontocerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010435%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19708"><div><strong>Babinski sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0034935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Babinski%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21635"><div><strong>Tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21635</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0040822</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21635">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021635%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115925"><div><strong>Bradykinesia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115925</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0233565</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bradykinesia literally means slow movement, and is used clinically to denote a slowness in the execution of movement (in contrast to hypokinesia, which is used to refer to slowness in the initiation of movement).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115925">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bradykinesia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115925%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66079"><div><strong>Parkinsonian disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66079</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0242422</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Characteristic neurologic anomaly resulting from degeneration of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, characterized clinically by shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66079">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Parkinsonian%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066079%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_90932"><div><strong>Cognitive impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90932</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0338656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90932">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cognitive%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2090932%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_334529"><div><strong>Postural instability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334529</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1843921</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A tendency to fall or the inability to keep oneself from falling; imbalance. The retropulsion test is widely regarded as the gold standard to evaluate postural instability, Use of the retropulsion test includes a rapid balance perturbation in the backward direction, and the number of balance correcting steps (or total absence thereof) is used to rate the degree of postural instability. Healthy subjects correct such perturbations with either one or two large steps, or without taking any steps, hinging rapidly at the hips while swinging the arms forward as a counterweight. In patients with balance impairment, balance correcting steps are often too small, forcing patients to take more than two steps. Taking three or more steps is generally considered to be abnormal, and taking more than five steps is regarded as being clearly abnormal. Markedly affected patients continue to step backward without ever regaining their balance and must be caught by the examiner (this would be called true retropulsion). Even more severely affected patients fail to correct entirely, and fall backward like a pushed toy soldier, without taking any corrective steps.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334529">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Postural%20instability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20334529%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7752"><div><strong>Rigidity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7752</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026837</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7752">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rigidity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207752%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892680"><div><strong>Muscular atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0541794</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscular%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1550"><div><strong>Anhidrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1550</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0003028</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Inability to sweat.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1550">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anhidrosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201550%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_43796"><div><strong>Hypohidrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43796</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020620</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally diminished capacity to sweat.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/43796">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypohidrosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2043796%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2287"><div><strong>Ptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0005745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2287">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202287%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96095"><div><strong>Iris atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96095</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0423319</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of iris tissue (atrophy)</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96095">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Iris%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096095%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1808161"><div><strong>Gaze-evoked nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1808161</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5574666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Nystagmus made apparent by looking to the right or to the left.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1808161">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gaze-evoked%20nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201808161%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1808161" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gaze-evoked nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96095" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Iris atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2287" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ptosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1720680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Impotence</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39315" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary urgency</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1550" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anhidrosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_43796" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypohidrosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7752" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rigidity</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8511" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Babinski sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115925" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bradykinesia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_90932" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cognitive impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8510" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysarthria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_17999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10435" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Olivopontocerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_43803" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Orthostatic hypotension</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66079" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Parkinsonian disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_334529" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Postural instability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21635" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tremor</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary incontinence</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38066432">Multi-parametric radiomics of conventional T1 weighted and susceptibility-weighted imaging for differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bu S,
|
||
Pang H,
|
||
Li X,
|
||
Zhao M,
|
||
Wang J,
|
||
Liu Y,
|
||
Yu H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Imaging</span>
|
||
2023 Dec 8;23(1):204.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s12880-023-01169-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38066432" target="_blank">38066432</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10709839" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29715545">Multiple system atrophy and CAG repeat length: A genetic screening of polyglutamine disease genes in Italian patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mongelli A,
|
||
Sarro L,
|
||
Rizzo E,
|
||
Nanetti L,
|
||
Meucci N,
|
||
Pezzoli G,
|
||
Goldwurm S,
|
||
Taroni F,
|
||
Mariotti C,
|
||
Gellera C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Lett</span>
|
||
2018 Jun 21;678:37-42.
|
||
Epub 2018 Apr 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.044.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29715545" target="_blank">29715545</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(multiple%20system%20atrophy%201%2C%20susceptibility%20to)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38889728">Genome-wide analyses reveal a potential role for the MAPT, MOBP, and APOE loci in sporadic frontotemporal dementia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Manzoni C,
|
||
Kia DA,
|
||
Ferrari R,
|
||
Leonenko G,
|
||
Costa B,
|
||
Saba V,
|
||
Jabbari E,
|
||
Tan MM,
|
||
Albani D,
|
||
Alvarez V,
|
||
Alvarez I,
|
||
Andreassen OA,
|
||
Angiolillo A,
|
||
Arighi A,
|
||
Baker M,
|
||
Benussi L,
|
||
Bessi V,
|
||
Binetti G,
|
||
Blackburn DJ,
|
||
Boada M,
|
||
Boeve BF,
|
||
Borrego-Ecija S,
|
||
Borroni B,
|
||
Bråthen G,
|
||
Brooks WS,
|
||
Bruni AC,
|
||
Caroppo P,
|
||
Bandres-Ciga S,
|
||
Clarimon J,
|
||
Colao R,
|
||
Cruchaga C,
|
||
Danek A,
|
||
de Boer SC,
|
||
de Rojas I,
|
||
di Costanzo A,
|
||
Dickson DW,
|
||
Diehl-Schmid J,
|
||
Dobson-Stone C,
|
||
Dols-Icardo O,
|
||
Donizetti A,
|
||
Dopper E,
|
||
Durante E,
|
||
Ferrari C,
|
||
Forloni G,
|
||
Frangipane F,
|
||
Fratiglioni L,
|
||
Kramberger MG,
|
||
Galimberti D,
|
||
Gallucci M,
|
||
García-González P,
|
||
Ghidoni R,
|
||
Giaccone G,
|
||
Graff C,
|
||
Graff-Radford NR,
|
||
Grafman J,
|
||
Halliday GM,
|
||
Hernandez DG,
|
||
Hjermind LE,
|
||
Hodges JR,
|
||
Holloway G,
|
||
Huey ED,
|
||
Illán-Gala I,
|
||
Josephs KA,
|
||
Knopman DS,
|
||
Kristiansen M,
|
||
Kwok JB,
|
||
Leber I,
|
||
Leonard HL,
|
||
Libri I,
|
||
Lleo A,
|
||
Mackenzie IR,
|
||
Madhan GK,
|
||
Maletta R,
|
||
Marquié M,
|
||
Maver A,
|
||
Menendez-Gonzalez M,
|
||
Milan G,
|
||
Miller BL,
|
||
Morris CM,
|
||
Morris HR,
|
||
Nacmias B,
|
||
Newton J,
|
||
Nielsen JE,
|
||
Nilsson C,
|
||
Novelli V,
|
||
Padovani A,
|
||
Pal S,
|
||
Pasquier F,
|
||
Pastor P,
|
||
Perneczky R,
|
||
Peterlin B,
|
||
Petersen RC,
|
||
Piguet O,
|
||
Pijnenburg YA,
|
||
Puca AA,
|
||
Rademakers R,
|
||
Rainero I,
|
||
Reus LM,
|
||
Richardson AM,
|
||
Riemenschneider M,
|
||
Rogaeva E,
|
||
Rogelj B,
|
||
Rollinson S,
|
||
Rosen H,
|
||
Rossi G,
|
||
Rowe JB,
|
||
Rubino E,
|
||
Ruiz A,
|
||
Salvi E,
|
||
Sanchez-Valle R,
|
||
Sando SB,
|
||
Santillo AF,
|
||
Saxon JA,
|
||
Schlachetzki JC,
|
||
Scholz SW,
|
||
Seelaar H,
|
||
Seeley WW,
|
||
Serpente M,
|
||
Sorbi S,
|
||
Sordon S,
|
||
St George-Hyslop P,
|
||
Thompson JC,
|
||
Van Broeckhoven C,
|
||
Van Deerlin VM,
|
||
Van der Lee SJ,
|
||
Van Swieten J,
|
||
Tagliavini F,
|
||
van der Zee J,
|
||
Veronesi A,
|
||
Vitale E,
|
||
Waldo ML,
|
||
Yokoyama JS,
|
||
Nalls MA,
|
||
Momeni P,
|
||
Singleton AB,
|
||
Hardy J,
|
||
Escott-Price V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
|
||
2024 Jul 11;111(7):1316-1329.
|
||
Epub 2024 Jun 17
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.05.017.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38889728" target="_blank">38889728</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11267522" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38353984">Genetic and Clinical Correlates of AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skampardoni I,
|
||
Nasrallah IM,
|
||
Abdulkadir A,
|
||
Wen J,
|
||
Melhem R,
|
||
Mamourian E,
|
||
Erus G,
|
||
Doshi J,
|
||
Singh A,
|
||
Yang Z,
|
||
Cui Y,
|
||
Hwang G,
|
||
Ren Z,
|
||
Pomponio R,
|
||
Srinivasan D,
|
||
Govindarajan ST,
|
||
Parmpi P,
|
||
Wittfeld K,
|
||
Grabe HJ,
|
||
Bülow R,
|
||
Frenzel S,
|
||
Tosun D,
|
||
Bilgel M,
|
||
An Y,
|
||
Marcus DS,
|
||
LaMontagne P,
|
||
Heckbert SR,
|
||
Austin TR,
|
||
Launer LJ,
|
||
Sotiras A,
|
||
Espeland MA,
|
||
Masters CL,
|
||
Maruff P,
|
||
Fripp J,
|
||
Johnson SC,
|
||
Morris JC,
|
||
Albert MS,
|
||
Bryan RN,
|
||
Yaffe K,
|
||
Völzke H,
|
||
Ferrucci L,
|
||
Benzinger TLS,
|
||
Ezzati A,
|
||
Shinohara RT,
|
||
Fan Y,
|
||
Resnick SM,
|
||
Habes M,
|
||
Wolk D,
|
||
Shou H,
|
||
Nikita K,
|
||
Davatzikos C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2024 May 1;81(5):456-467.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5599.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38353984" target="_blank">38353984</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10867779" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36982356">Genetics of Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Systemized Review of the Literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bougea A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
|
||
2023 Mar 9;24(6)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/ijms24065281.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36982356" target="_blank">36982356</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10048872" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32623306">GBA variation and susceptibility to multiple system atrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wernick AI,
|
||
Walton RL,
|
||
Koga S,
|
||
Soto-Beasley AI,
|
||
Heckman MG,
|
||
Gan-Or Z,
|
||
Ren Y,
|
||
Rademakers R,
|
||
Uitti RJ,
|
||
Wszolek ZK,
|
||
Cheshire WP,
|
||
Dickson DW,
|
||
Ross OA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;77:64-69.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jun 22
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32623306" target="_blank">32623306</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23803592">Hypertension and kidneys: unraveling complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypertensive renal damage.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mennuni S,
|
||
Rubattu S,
|
||
Pierelli G,
|
||
Tocci G,
|
||
Fofi C,
|
||
Volpe M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hum Hypertens</span>
|
||
2014 Feb;28(2):74-9.
|
||
Epub 2013 Jun 27
|
||
doi: 10.1038/jhh.2013.55.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23803592" target="_blank">23803592</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20system%20atrophy%201%2C%20susceptibility%20to%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (56)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38353984">Genetic and Clinical Correlates of AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skampardoni I,
|
||
Nasrallah IM,
|
||
Abdulkadir A,
|
||
Wen J,
|
||
Melhem R,
|
||
Mamourian E,
|
||
Erus G,
|
||
Doshi J,
|
||
Singh A,
|
||
Yang Z,
|
||
Cui Y,
|
||
Hwang G,
|
||
Ren Z,
|
||
Pomponio R,
|
||
Srinivasan D,
|
||
Govindarajan ST,
|
||
Parmpi P,
|
||
Wittfeld K,
|
||
Grabe HJ,
|
||
Bülow R,
|
||
Frenzel S,
|
||
Tosun D,
|
||
Bilgel M,
|
||
An Y,
|
||
Marcus DS,
|
||
LaMontagne P,
|
||
Heckbert SR,
|
||
Austin TR,
|
||
Launer LJ,
|
||
Sotiras A,
|
||
Espeland MA,
|
||
Masters CL,
|
||
Maruff P,
|
||
Fripp J,
|
||
Johnson SC,
|
||
Morris JC,
|
||
Albert MS,
|
||
Bryan RN,
|
||
Yaffe K,
|
||
Völzke H,
|
||
Ferrucci L,
|
||
Benzinger TLS,
|
||
Ezzati A,
|
||
Shinohara RT,
|
||
Fan Y,
|
||
Resnick SM,
|
||
Habes M,
|
||
Wolk D,
|
||
Shou H,
|
||
Nikita K,
|
||
Davatzikos C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2024 May 1;81(5):456-467.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5599.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38353984" target="_blank">38353984</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10867779" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36017746">Application of Neuromelanin MR Imaging in Parkinson Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">He N,
|
||
Chen Y,
|
||
LeWitt PA,
|
||
Yan F,
|
||
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23803592">Hypertension and kidneys: unraveling complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypertensive renal damage.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mennuni S,
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wernick AI,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20system%20atrophy%201%2C%20susceptibility%20to%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
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||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35040520">Infectious Agents as Potential Drivers of α-Synucleinopathies.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Linard M,
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Ravier A,
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Mougué L,
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Grgurina I,
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Boutillier AL,
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Foubert-Samier A,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35040520" target="_blank">35040520</a></div>
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||
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||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34272590">Diagnostic performance of T2* gradient echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping for patients with multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lim SJ,
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||
Suh CH,
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||
Shim WH,
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Kim SJ</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Radiol</span>
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||
2022 Jan;32(1):308-318.
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||
Epub 2021 Jul 16
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||
doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-08174-4.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34272590" target="_blank">34272590</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20system%20atrophy%201%2C%20susceptibility%20to%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714927%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (18)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714927%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (14)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714927%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (6)</a></li>
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3714927%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (20)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(multiple%20system%20atrophy%201%2C%20susceptibility%20to)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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